Talabuga Khan, also known as Tolibuqa (Mongolian: Тольбух, ᠲᠣᠯᠠ
ᠪᠤᠬ᠎ᠠ; died 1291), was Khan of the Golden Horde from 1287 to 1291. He ruled a large, independent empire and one of the four successor states of the continent-sized Mongol Empire. He was the son of Tartu, great-grandson of Batu Khan, and great-great-great-grandson of Genghis Khan.

As a young Mongol prince, Talabuga led men in the Mongol invasion of Lithuania under the overall command of Burundai in 1258-1259, a campaign in which Talabuga distinguished himself. This Mongol invasion of Lithuania is generally regarded by historians as a Mongol victory, with Lithuanian lands described as "devastated" following the incursion.

A year later, Talabuga led the second Mongol invasion of Poland alongside Nogai Khan, both again under the overall command of Burundai.

Nogai had devised a plan for the second Mongol invasion of Hungary, and in 1285 Talabuga joined him for this raid. As a rule, the Galician and Rus' dukes were ordered to accompany Tulabuga and Nogai during the Mongol raid into Hungary in 1285. The Khan of the Golden Horde at that time was Tode Mongke, who did not participate in the campaign, but remained in his winter quarters with his court and entourage. Heavy rains and snow caused the rivers to overflow, turning the land into a vast swamp, and the Mongol forces lost many men in their advance before the invasion was fully underway. Nogai's column entered Transylvania. Although Nogai and his Tatars plundered villages and some towns, they were beaten back on their return by the Hungarian royal army and the Vlachs. Talabuga's column entered Transcarpathia. The advance of Talabuga's forces was severely hampered by the heavy snows of the Carpathians, which resulted in the loss of horses, food and supplies, causing many thousands of Talabuga's men to die. Although greatly weakened by environmental factors, Talabuga's forces sacked and destroyed the fortified monastery of Sarivar (Sarvar?), ravaged central Hungary, and burned the city of Pest, which may have been largely abandoned in fear of the Mongol advance. On their return from Hungary, Talabuga's forces were ambushed by the Székely light cavalry.

Talabuga then ordered his starving forces to attack the cities of the Kingdom of Ruthenia, then ruled by King Leo I of Galicia. Talabuga and his forces overran the Volhynian defenders and sacked their cities, even though they were loyal to his allies within the Golden Horde, including Nogai.

In 1284 (or 1285), a group of Rus princes from the Kursk principality complained to Talabuga about the overzealous tax-collector Ahmad the Basqaq. Talabuga in turn had Ahmad’s settlements destroyed. Ahmad (whose father was an emir in the service of Nogai) complained to Nogai, who granted him his support for a retaliatory attack against these Rus princes. This resulted in a series of several raids. Ultimately, one Rus prince was defeated and killed by another Rus noble, who was supported by a force of Talabuga’s men.

In 1287, Talabuga became the Khan of the Ulus of Jochi.

According to the account of contemporary medieval chronicler Marco Polo, Talabuga “slew” Tode-Mongke Khan. Tode-Mongke was the reigning Khan of the Golden Horde at that time. Polo indicates that Talabuga did so with the support of Nogai. The account of Rashid al-Din however implies that Talabuga deposed of Tode-Mongke without assistance or support from Nogai. Talabuga Khan thus became the Khan of the Golden Horde.