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Talise language

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Talise language

Talise is a Southeast Solomonic language native to Guadalcanal with a speaker population of roughly 13,000. While some consider Talise to be its own language, others use it as a blanket term to group the closely related dialects of Poleo, Koo, Malagheti, Moli, and Tolo. It is a branch of the Proto-Guadalcanal family, which forms part of the Southeast Solomons language group.

The name Talise refers to the name of a tree called Terminalia catappa. It descends from Proto-Oceanic *talise, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *talisay of the same meaning (see Talisay).

Even though Talise is a language on its own, it is also widely considered as a way to group other similar dialects such as Tolo, Moli, and Koo. The sound correspondences among these are very close. Many words like aso 'sun' and vula 'moon' are identical across all of the dialects. However, many other languages and dialects in Guadalcanal also share the same phonemes and words.

The Tolo language has thirteen consonants. Most letters are pronounced as they are in English, with a few notable exceptions. The letter ⟨v⟩ may be pronounced as the voiced fricative [v] (as in English vote), but it is also pronounced as the glide [w] (as in English win) or as less rounded [] in certain cases. The digraph ⟨ts⟩ is nearly always pronounced like the affricate [] (ch in church), except when used in the word katsa 'bark skirt', where it is pronounced as [ts] (as in English cats).

Tolo has five short vowels, namely /a e i o u/. The letter e can either be pronounced as [ɛ] or as [e], and the letter i can either be pronounced as [ɪ] or as [i].

There are eight diphthongs in the Tolo language. These are presented in the table below.

The nasal sounds [m], [n] and [ŋ] are no separate phonemes, but always occur before the phonemes /ᵐb/, /ⁿd/ and /ᵑg/ respectively. Therefore, they are to be understood as part of those latter sounds. However, the extent to which someone hears this prenasalisation depends entirely on the speaker, as some stress it more if /ᵐb/, /ⁿd/ or /ᵑg/ come at the middle of a word instead of at the beginning.

Stress in Tolo is almost always put on the second to last syllable, regardless of how many syllables are present in a word. Some of the rare exceptions are the pronouns hamitou and hamutou, in which the stress is placed on the first syllable.

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