In Slovakia, taxes are levied by the state and local governments. Tax revenue stood at 19.3% of the country's gross domestic product in 2021. The tax-to-GDP ratio in Slovakia deviates from OECD average of 34.0% by 0.8 percent and in 2022 was 34.8% which ranks Slovakia 19th in the tax-to-GDP ratio comparison among the OECD countries. The most important revenue sources for the state government are income tax, social security, value-added tax and corporate tax.

Slovakia has a singular tax system that applies uniformly across the entire country, meaning there are no regional variations or local taxes on income.

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A person considered a tax resident in Slovakia is obligated to pay taxes on their global income, regardless of whether it's brought into Slovakia. On the other hand, individuals classified as Slovak tax non-residents are only taxed on income sourced within Slovakia. This includes earnings from work done within the country, such as director's fees or income from a business operated through a permanent establishment (PE). Additionally, income from services provided in Slovakia, interest, license fees, and revenue from selling or renting property located in Slovakia are also considered Slovak-source income.

There are two main personal income tax rates levied in Slovakia: a 19% rate on income up to 176.8 times the subsistence level, which is EUR 41,445.49 as of 2023, and a 25% rate for the exceeding part of the income.

Revenue generated from capital gains falls within a special tax bracket, which is subject to taxation at a rate of 19%.

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Individuals in Slovakia are entitled to personal allowances, which are calculated based on a multiple of the minimum subsistence amount declared on January 1st each year. This allowance is applicable to those whose annual taxable income falls below a specified threshold. However, if an individual's taxable income exceeds this threshold, the personal allowance is gradually reduced to zero using a predetermined formula.