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Telangana

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Telangana

Telangana is a state in India situated in the south-central part of the Indian subcontinent on the high Deccan Plateau. It borders Maharashtra to the north, Chhattisgarh to the northeast, Andhra Pradesh to the southeast, and Karnataka to the southwest. It is the eleventh largest state by area and the twelfth most populated state in India, according to the 2011 census. On 2 June 2014, Telangana was separated from the northwestern part of United Andhra Pradesh as a newly formed state, with Hyderabad as its capital.

Telugu, one of the classical languages of India, is the most widely spoken and the primary official language of Telangana state, whereas Urdu is recognised as the second official language. Additionally, several tribal languages such as Gondi, Kolami, Koya and Lambadi are spoken in different regions of the state.

The economy of Telangana is the eighth largest in India, with a gross state domestic product (GSDP) of 18 trillion (US$210 billion) and has a GSDP per capita of 390,564 (US$4,600) for the financial year 2024–25.

Telangana has emerged as a major focal point for IT software companies, industry and the services sector. The state is also the main administrative center of many Indian defence aerospace and research labs including Bharat Dynamics Limited, Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory, Defence Research and Development Organisation and Defence Research and Development Laboratory.

One popular etymology derives the word "Telangana" from Trilinga desha ("land of three lingas"). The region is named after 3 prominent Shaivite shrines present in it: Kaleshwaram (present day Telangana), Srisailam and Draksharama (present day Andhra Pradesh).

According to Jayadheer Tirumala Rao, a historian, the name Telangana has Gondi origins. He asserts that it is derived from "Telangadh," which means "south" in the Gondi language, and has been referred in the "Gond script dating back to about 2,000 years."

One of the earliest recorded uses of a similar termis to foundin the name of Malik Maqbul Tilangani (14th century CE), who was called the Tilangani, which implies that he was from Telangana. He was the commander of the Warangal Fort (Kataka Pāludu) and later Wazir— Minister under Firuz Shah Tughlaq.

A 16th-century travel writer, Firishta, recorded in his book:

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