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Tepe-Kermen
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Tepe-Kermen
Tepe-Kermen (Crimean Tatar: Töpe Kermen; Ukrainian and Russian: Тепе-Кермен) is a butte and an archeological site of an early medieval fortified settlement in the Bakhchysarai Raion of Crimea. It is located 7 km southeast of Bakhchysarai, and 2 km northeast of the Kyz-Kermen hillfort. Its height is 544 meters. The easiest way to climb the mountain is from the northern slope. There are two paths leading to the top.
The name Tepe-Kermen is of Turkic origin: in Crimean Tatar it means "hill-fortress" or "fortress on the top" (töpe - hill, peak, kermen - fortress). The same name is given to the remains of the medieval city-fortress (according to other sources - a monastery) Tepe-Kermen, which covers the upper part of the mountain in several levels. Its area is about 1 hectare.
In fact, it was not a settlement but a fortified castle, where the local population used to hide from enemy forces. This explains the lack of water sources.
According to some available sources, the unfortified settlement appeared in the 5th-6th century, and the construction of the fortress, based on some indirect signs, probably occurred in the second half of the 5th - early 6th century, or late 6th - early 7th century, under the guidance of the Byzantine administration of Chersonesus. It is believed that from the second half of the 7th century there was the residence of the Archon, who was part of the governing authorities of the Dori region (the administrative center of the Military-Administrative District), and in the 8th-9th century Tepe-Kermen, with its main temple-basilica, was a kind of ecclesiastical center of the district.
In 12th-13th centuries, it reached its greatest prosperity. More than 230 man-made caves were concentrated there. There were traces of foundations among the bushes and grass. The walls have not survived. Some versions attribute the demise of the city to the raid of the Golden Horde Beylerbey Nogai in 1299.
In the western part of Tepe-Kermen there is a baptistery church inside the cave. In his fundamental work "Byzantine Kherson (second half of 6th - first half of 10th century)" from 2005, S.B. Sorochan, based on the researches of N.E. Gaidukov, believes that, "according to the expressive features of the liturgical structure", the church could have been built in the 6th-7th century.
The local Christians in the 18th century called the described building "the Temple of Saints Constantine and Helen" according to A.L. Berthier-Delagard in the "Collection of Manuscripts of Archbishop Gabriel".
The church is an object of cultural heritage of Russia of federal significance and also an object of cultural heritage of Ukraine.
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Tepe-Kermen
Tepe-Kermen (Crimean Tatar: Töpe Kermen; Ukrainian and Russian: Тепе-Кермен) is a butte and an archeological site of an early medieval fortified settlement in the Bakhchysarai Raion of Crimea. It is located 7 km southeast of Bakhchysarai, and 2 km northeast of the Kyz-Kermen hillfort. Its height is 544 meters. The easiest way to climb the mountain is from the northern slope. There are two paths leading to the top.
The name Tepe-Kermen is of Turkic origin: in Crimean Tatar it means "hill-fortress" or "fortress on the top" (töpe - hill, peak, kermen - fortress). The same name is given to the remains of the medieval city-fortress (according to other sources - a monastery) Tepe-Kermen, which covers the upper part of the mountain in several levels. Its area is about 1 hectare.
In fact, it was not a settlement but a fortified castle, where the local population used to hide from enemy forces. This explains the lack of water sources.
According to some available sources, the unfortified settlement appeared in the 5th-6th century, and the construction of the fortress, based on some indirect signs, probably occurred in the second half of the 5th - early 6th century, or late 6th - early 7th century, under the guidance of the Byzantine administration of Chersonesus. It is believed that from the second half of the 7th century there was the residence of the Archon, who was part of the governing authorities of the Dori region (the administrative center of the Military-Administrative District), and in the 8th-9th century Tepe-Kermen, with its main temple-basilica, was a kind of ecclesiastical center of the district.
In 12th-13th centuries, it reached its greatest prosperity. More than 230 man-made caves were concentrated there. There were traces of foundations among the bushes and grass. The walls have not survived. Some versions attribute the demise of the city to the raid of the Golden Horde Beylerbey Nogai in 1299.
In the western part of Tepe-Kermen there is a baptistery church inside the cave. In his fundamental work "Byzantine Kherson (second half of 6th - first half of 10th century)" from 2005, S.B. Sorochan, based on the researches of N.E. Gaidukov, believes that, "according to the expressive features of the liturgical structure", the church could have been built in the 6th-7th century.
The local Christians in the 18th century called the described building "the Temple of Saints Constantine and Helen" according to A.L. Berthier-Delagard in the "Collection of Manuscripts of Archbishop Gabriel".
The church is an object of cultural heritage of Russia of federal significance and also an object of cultural heritage of Ukraine.
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