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Theology of religions
The theology of religions is the branch of theology (mostly represented by Christian, Hindu, Islamic and Jewish theology) and religious studies that attempts to theologically evaluate the phenomena of religions. Three important schools within Christian theology of religions are pluralism, inclusivism, and exclusivism, which describe the relation of other religious traditions to Christianity and attempt to answer questions about the nature of God and salvation.
The American theologian Langdon Brown Gilkey argued that the political situation of the West following World War II created a need for Christian thinkers to reconsider the place of other religions specifically because of the changing political world:
The most common model of the views that Christians take of other religions is a simple three-point model first articulated by Alan Race.
Pluralism is the belief that multiple religions are true and equally valid in communicating the truth about God, the world, and salvation. The chief expounder of this view is John Hick of Claremont Graduate School in California, who first propounded it in his book God and the Universe of Faiths (1973).
John Hick's argument was notably criticized in the declaration Dominus Iesus by Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger.
To a pluralist such as Hick, Christianity is not the absolute, unique, and final way to God but one among several. While pluralists assert the validity of all religions, they also deny the finality of all religions. Hick challenges the older view that Jesus or Christianity must be seen at the center of religions and argues instead that God must be seen at the center of religions, a view also called theocentrism. The pluralistic contention is that although religions have different outward forms, all have the same source in the same god.
To an evangelical Christian, such pluralism only means the abolition of the kerygmatic mission (i.e., the mission of evangelizing the world to the Christian Gospel). Pluralism has been criticized as an invasive force that masquerades as Christianity while imperialistically demanding the surrender of Christian distinctiveness. Pluralists respond that Christian pluralism is not an invasive force at all but actually arises from tensions within the Christian tradition through a process of auto-deconstruction. Some have pointed out similarities between Hick's theocentrism and Hindu pluralism as propounded in the Bhagavad Gita:
By whatsoever way men worship Me, even so do I accept them; for, in all ways, O Partha, men walk in My path" (IV.11)
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Theology of religions
The theology of religions is the branch of theology (mostly represented by Christian, Hindu, Islamic and Jewish theology) and religious studies that attempts to theologically evaluate the phenomena of religions. Three important schools within Christian theology of religions are pluralism, inclusivism, and exclusivism, which describe the relation of other religious traditions to Christianity and attempt to answer questions about the nature of God and salvation.
The American theologian Langdon Brown Gilkey argued that the political situation of the West following World War II created a need for Christian thinkers to reconsider the place of other religions specifically because of the changing political world:
The most common model of the views that Christians take of other religions is a simple three-point model first articulated by Alan Race.
Pluralism is the belief that multiple religions are true and equally valid in communicating the truth about God, the world, and salvation. The chief expounder of this view is John Hick of Claremont Graduate School in California, who first propounded it in his book God and the Universe of Faiths (1973).
John Hick's argument was notably criticized in the declaration Dominus Iesus by Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger.
To a pluralist such as Hick, Christianity is not the absolute, unique, and final way to God but one among several. While pluralists assert the validity of all religions, they also deny the finality of all religions. Hick challenges the older view that Jesus or Christianity must be seen at the center of religions and argues instead that God must be seen at the center of religions, a view also called theocentrism. The pluralistic contention is that although religions have different outward forms, all have the same source in the same god.
To an evangelical Christian, such pluralism only means the abolition of the kerygmatic mission (i.e., the mission of evangelizing the world to the Christian Gospel). Pluralism has been criticized as an invasive force that masquerades as Christianity while imperialistically demanding the surrender of Christian distinctiveness. Pluralists respond that Christian pluralism is not an invasive force at all but actually arises from tensions within the Christian tradition through a process of auto-deconstruction. Some have pointed out similarities between Hick's theocentrism and Hindu pluralism as propounded in the Bhagavad Gita:
By whatsoever way men worship Me, even so do I accept them; for, in all ways, O Partha, men walk in My path" (IV.11)