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Timed Text Markup Language
Timed Text Markup Language (TTML), previously referred to as Distribution Format Exchange Profile (DFXP), is an XML-based W3C standard for timed text in online media and was designed to be used for the purpose of authoring, transcoding or exchanging timed text information presently in use primarily for subtitling and captioning functions. TTML2, the second major revision of the language, was finalized on November 8, 2018. It has been adopted widely in the television industry, including by Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE), European Broadcasting Union (EBU), ATSC, DVB, HbbTV and MPEG CMAF and several profiles and extensions for the language exist nowadays.
TTML Content may also be used directly as a distribution format and is widely supported in media players, with the exception of major web browsers, where WebVTT, the second W3C standard for timed text in online media, has better built-in support in connection with the HTML5 <track> element; many organisations nevertheless use TTML content on web video using their own player code.
The idea of adding timing information on the Web by extending HTML came very early on, out of the work done on the Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language. Based on XML, the work on TTML started in 2003 and an early draft was released in November 2004 as Timed Text (TT) Authoring Format 1.0 – Distribution Format Exchange Profile (DFXP). The first version of TTML, TTML1, was finalized in November 2010.
In 2010, after discussions about its adoption in HTML5, WHATWG opted for a new but more lightweight standard based on the popular SRT format, now named WebVTT.
In February 2012 the FCC declared the SMPTE closed-captioning standard for online video content, a superset of TTML, as a "safe harbor interchange, delivery format".
In 2015, Netflix, Home Box Office (HBO), Telestream, SMPTE, and W3C received a Technology & Engineering Emmy Award for the category “Standardization and Pioneering Development of Non-Live Broadband Captioning,” for their work on TTML.
TTML2, the second version of TTML started in February 2015, was finalized in November 2018, along with a new revision of TTML1.
The TTML standard specifies a wide range of features, of which a smaller set are sometimes necessary, depending on the specific application. For this reason, the standard developed the concept of profiles, which are subsets of required features from the full specification. TTML1 defines three standard profiles: DFXP Transformation, DFXP Presentation and DFXP Full. Many profiles of TTML were developed by W3C and other organizations over the years to subset or extend the features of TTML. The Timed Text Working Group maintains a registry used to identify TTML profiles.
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Timed Text Markup Language
Timed Text Markup Language (TTML), previously referred to as Distribution Format Exchange Profile (DFXP), is an XML-based W3C standard for timed text in online media and was designed to be used for the purpose of authoring, transcoding or exchanging timed text information presently in use primarily for subtitling and captioning functions. TTML2, the second major revision of the language, was finalized on November 8, 2018. It has been adopted widely in the television industry, including by Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE), European Broadcasting Union (EBU), ATSC, DVB, HbbTV and MPEG CMAF and several profiles and extensions for the language exist nowadays.
TTML Content may also be used directly as a distribution format and is widely supported in media players, with the exception of major web browsers, where WebVTT, the second W3C standard for timed text in online media, has better built-in support in connection with the HTML5 <track> element; many organisations nevertheless use TTML content on web video using their own player code.
The idea of adding timing information on the Web by extending HTML came very early on, out of the work done on the Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language. Based on XML, the work on TTML started in 2003 and an early draft was released in November 2004 as Timed Text (TT) Authoring Format 1.0 – Distribution Format Exchange Profile (DFXP). The first version of TTML, TTML1, was finalized in November 2010.
In 2010, after discussions about its adoption in HTML5, WHATWG opted for a new but more lightweight standard based on the popular SRT format, now named WebVTT.
In February 2012 the FCC declared the SMPTE closed-captioning standard for online video content, a superset of TTML, as a "safe harbor interchange, delivery format".
In 2015, Netflix, Home Box Office (HBO), Telestream, SMPTE, and W3C received a Technology & Engineering Emmy Award for the category “Standardization and Pioneering Development of Non-Live Broadband Captioning,” for their work on TTML.
TTML2, the second version of TTML started in February 2015, was finalized in November 2018, along with a new revision of TTML1.
The TTML standard specifies a wide range of features, of which a smaller set are sometimes necessary, depending on the specific application. For this reason, the standard developed the concept of profiles, which are subsets of required features from the full specification. TTML1 defines three standard profiles: DFXP Transformation, DFXP Presentation and DFXP Full. Many profiles of TTML were developed by W3C and other organizations over the years to subset or extend the features of TTML. The Timed Text Working Group maintains a registry used to identify TTML profiles.