Titanium butoxide
Titanium butoxide
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Titanium butoxide

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Titanium butoxide

Titanium butoxide is a metal alkoxide with the formula Ti(OBu)4 (Bu = –CH2CH2CH2CH3). It is a colorless odorless liquid although aged samples can appear yellowish. Owing to hydrolysis, samples have a weak alcohol-like odor. It is soluble in many organic solvents. Decomposition in water is not hazardous, and therefore titanium butoxide is often used as a liquid source of titanium dioxide, which allows deposition of TiO2 coatings of various shapes and sizes down to the nanoscale.

Titanium butoxide is often used to prepare titanium oxide materials and catalysts.[citation needed]

Like most titanium alkoxides (exception: titanium isopropoxide), Ti(OBu)4 is not a monomer but exists as a cluster (see titanium ethoxide). Nonetheless it is often depicted as a simple monomer.[citation needed]

It is produced by treating titanium tetrachloride with butanol:

The reaction requires base to proceed to completion.[citation needed]

Like other titanium alkoxides, titanium butoxide exchanges alkoxide groups:

etc. For this reason, titanium butoxide is not compatible with alcohol solvents.

Analogous to the alkoxide exchange, titanium butoxide hydrolyzes readily. The reaction details are complex, but the overall process can be summarized with this balanced equation.

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