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Title case

Title case or headline case is a style of capitalization used for rendering the titles of published works or works of art in English. When using title case, all words are capitalized, except for minor words (typically articles, short prepositions, and some conjunctions) that are not the first or last word of the title. There are different rules for which words are major, hence capitalized. As an example, a headline might be written: "The Quick Brown Fox Jumps over the Lazy Dog".

The rules of title case are not universally standardized. The standardization is only at the level of house styles and individual style guides. Most English style guides agree that the first and last words should always be capitalized, whereas articles, short prepositions, and some conjunctions should not be. Other rules about the capitalization vary.

In text processing, title case usually involves the capitalization of all words irrespective of their part of speech. This simplified variant of title case is also known as start case or initial caps.

According to the Associated Press Stylebook (2020 edition, 55th edition), the following rules should be applied:

According to The Chicago Manual of Style (15th edition), the following rules should be applied:

Since the 17th edition (2010), the second word after a hyphenated prefix in compound modifiers is capitalized (Mid-Year, Anti-Hero).

Since the 18th edition (2024), prepositions of more than four letters are capitalized.

According to the 9th edition of the Modern Language Association Handbook, the following title capitalization rules should be applied:

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