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Transitional Justice Commission
The Transitional Justice Commission (TJC; Chinese: 促進轉型正義委員會; pinyin: Cùjìn Zhuǎnxíng Zhèngyì Wěiyuánhuì) was an independent government agency of the Republic of China (Taiwan) active from 31 May 2018 to 30 May 2022 based on the Act on Promoting Transitional Justice. The commission is responsible for the investigation of actions taken by the Kuomintang between 15 August 1945 and 6 November 1992. The commission's main aims include: making political archives more readily available, removing authoritarian symbols, redressing judicial injustice, and producing a report on the history of the period which delineates steps to further promote transitional justice.
The Act on Promoting Transitional Justice (促進轉型正義條例) was passed by the Legislative Yuan on 5 December 2017. The act sought to rectify injustices committed by the authoritarian Kuomintang government of the Republic of China on Taiwan, and to this end established the Transitional Justice Commission to investigate actions taken from 15 August 1945, the date of the Hirohito surrender broadcast, to 6 November 1992, when president Lee Teng-hui lifted the Temporary Provisions against the Communist Rebellion for Fuchien Province, Republic of China, ending the period of mobilization. This time period, in particular, includes the February 28 Incident as well as White Terror.
The commission was established formally on May 31, 2018 for a period of two years. Huang Huang-hsiung was chosen to chair the committee and five other members were nominated by 31 March 2018: Chang Tien-chin, Hua Yih-fen, Hsu Hsueh-chi, Eleng Tjaljimaraw, and Greg Yo. Peng Jen-yu, Yang Tsui, and Yeh Hung-ling were selected on 7 April. All nine candidates were confirmed in May 2018, though both the Kuomintang and People First Party legislative caucuses abstained from voting. The committee began operations on 31 May 2018. Following a scandal, vice chairman Chang Tien-chin resigned from the commission on 12 September 2018, Huang Huang-hsiung resigned the chairmanship on 6 October 2018, and Yang Tsui was subsequently appointed acting chairperson.
In April 2020, the Legislative Yuan extended the committee's tenure by one year, and the committee members were formally reappointed on May 26, 2020, although the Pan-Blue Coalition again boycotted the vote. Yang Tsui was formally elected chairperson, serving alongside committee members Awi Mona, Chen Yu-fan, Hsu Wei-chun, Lin Chia-fan, Peng Jen-yu, Frank Wang, and Yeh Hung-ling. Following this extension, the Commission is scheduled to deliver its final report in May 2021.
The commission has worked together with other organizations dedicated to transitional justice, such as the May 18 Memorial Foundation from South Korea and the Stasi Records Agency of Germany. An exhibit on the Gwangju Uprising opened in Taipei on 6 December 2019 and a letter of intent to hold regular workshops and exchanges with the Stasi Records Agency was signed on 13 December 2019.
On 13 February 2021, Hong Kong netizens reported that its website cannot be accessed from Hong Kong. Some local medias confirmed that they couldn't access the site without using a Virtual Private Network (VPN). The police refused to comment on the blockage.
As a result of the commission's recommendations, a total of 5,837 people convicted of political crimes during White Terror have been exonerated due to recommendations made by the commission. The first recommendation, also the first in Taiwanese history, came on 5 October 2018, when 1,270 people were exonerated, including writer Yang Kui and 27 Taiwanese aborigines. On 27 February 1,056 people were exonerated. On 30 May 2019, 3,062 people were exonerated, including former vice president Annette Lu, former mayor of Kaohsiung Chen Chu, editor of Free China Journal Lei Chen, and Shih Ming-teh. On November 8, 2020, the commission further overturned 12 sentences, bringing the total to 5,874. On October 2, 2021 the Commission overturned the sentences of five inmates who were executed in the 1970 Taiyuan Incident.
On 17 December 2018, the commission recommended that the honor guard at Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall be discontinued, as it is a symbol of the authoritarian era. The commission also recommended that the hall display permanent exhibits dedicated to human rights and democracy. On 30 March 2019, the commission announced its intention to survey roads in Taiwan named after Chiang Kai-shek for potential renaming, as well as a survey on statues of Chiang in parks across the country for potential removal. A report was released on July 10, 2020 which listed a total of 1,814 sites named after Chiang Kai-shek and Chiang Ching-kuo, as well as 1,235 monuments to them, and 848 statues of Chiang Kai-shek remaining (excluding those in Cihu Park). The commission recommended the removal of the statues and renaming of the sites, leaving implementation to the respective agencies. On October 26, 2020, the commission reported that 70% of the statues have been removed. On April 6, 2021, the commission reported that 537 authoritarian symbols remained, while 403 have been removed, though the Ministry of Education, Ministry of Defense and Veterans Affairs Council have not reported on statues within their jurisdiction. In April 2024, the DPP-led government announced that it would remove 760 remaining statues of Chiang Kai-shek.
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Transitional Justice Commission
The Transitional Justice Commission (TJC; Chinese: 促進轉型正義委員會; pinyin: Cùjìn Zhuǎnxíng Zhèngyì Wěiyuánhuì) was an independent government agency of the Republic of China (Taiwan) active from 31 May 2018 to 30 May 2022 based on the Act on Promoting Transitional Justice. The commission is responsible for the investigation of actions taken by the Kuomintang between 15 August 1945 and 6 November 1992. The commission's main aims include: making political archives more readily available, removing authoritarian symbols, redressing judicial injustice, and producing a report on the history of the period which delineates steps to further promote transitional justice.
The Act on Promoting Transitional Justice (促進轉型正義條例) was passed by the Legislative Yuan on 5 December 2017. The act sought to rectify injustices committed by the authoritarian Kuomintang government of the Republic of China on Taiwan, and to this end established the Transitional Justice Commission to investigate actions taken from 15 August 1945, the date of the Hirohito surrender broadcast, to 6 November 1992, when president Lee Teng-hui lifted the Temporary Provisions against the Communist Rebellion for Fuchien Province, Republic of China, ending the period of mobilization. This time period, in particular, includes the February 28 Incident as well as White Terror.
The commission was established formally on May 31, 2018 for a period of two years. Huang Huang-hsiung was chosen to chair the committee and five other members were nominated by 31 March 2018: Chang Tien-chin, Hua Yih-fen, Hsu Hsueh-chi, Eleng Tjaljimaraw, and Greg Yo. Peng Jen-yu, Yang Tsui, and Yeh Hung-ling were selected on 7 April. All nine candidates were confirmed in May 2018, though both the Kuomintang and People First Party legislative caucuses abstained from voting. The committee began operations on 31 May 2018. Following a scandal, vice chairman Chang Tien-chin resigned from the commission on 12 September 2018, Huang Huang-hsiung resigned the chairmanship on 6 October 2018, and Yang Tsui was subsequently appointed acting chairperson.
In April 2020, the Legislative Yuan extended the committee's tenure by one year, and the committee members were formally reappointed on May 26, 2020, although the Pan-Blue Coalition again boycotted the vote. Yang Tsui was formally elected chairperson, serving alongside committee members Awi Mona, Chen Yu-fan, Hsu Wei-chun, Lin Chia-fan, Peng Jen-yu, Frank Wang, and Yeh Hung-ling. Following this extension, the Commission is scheduled to deliver its final report in May 2021.
The commission has worked together with other organizations dedicated to transitional justice, such as the May 18 Memorial Foundation from South Korea and the Stasi Records Agency of Germany. An exhibit on the Gwangju Uprising opened in Taipei on 6 December 2019 and a letter of intent to hold regular workshops and exchanges with the Stasi Records Agency was signed on 13 December 2019.
On 13 February 2021, Hong Kong netizens reported that its website cannot be accessed from Hong Kong. Some local medias confirmed that they couldn't access the site without using a Virtual Private Network (VPN). The police refused to comment on the blockage.
As a result of the commission's recommendations, a total of 5,837 people convicted of political crimes during White Terror have been exonerated due to recommendations made by the commission. The first recommendation, also the first in Taiwanese history, came on 5 October 2018, when 1,270 people were exonerated, including writer Yang Kui and 27 Taiwanese aborigines. On 27 February 1,056 people were exonerated. On 30 May 2019, 3,062 people were exonerated, including former vice president Annette Lu, former mayor of Kaohsiung Chen Chu, editor of Free China Journal Lei Chen, and Shih Ming-teh. On November 8, 2020, the commission further overturned 12 sentences, bringing the total to 5,874. On October 2, 2021 the Commission overturned the sentences of five inmates who were executed in the 1970 Taiyuan Incident.
On 17 December 2018, the commission recommended that the honor guard at Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall be discontinued, as it is a symbol of the authoritarian era. The commission also recommended that the hall display permanent exhibits dedicated to human rights and democracy. On 30 March 2019, the commission announced its intention to survey roads in Taiwan named after Chiang Kai-shek for potential renaming, as well as a survey on statues of Chiang in parks across the country for potential removal. A report was released on July 10, 2020 which listed a total of 1,814 sites named after Chiang Kai-shek and Chiang Ching-kuo, as well as 1,235 monuments to them, and 848 statues of Chiang Kai-shek remaining (excluding those in Cihu Park). The commission recommended the removal of the statues and renaming of the sites, leaving implementation to the respective agencies. On October 26, 2020, the commission reported that 70% of the statues have been removed. On April 6, 2021, the commission reported that 537 authoritarian symbols remained, while 403 have been removed, though the Ministry of Education, Ministry of Defense and Veterans Affairs Council have not reported on statues within their jurisdiction. In April 2024, the DPP-led government announced that it would remove 760 remaining statues of Chiang Kai-shek.