Trisandya

The Trisandya (from Sanskrit: त्रिसन्ध्या पूजा, romanized: Trisandhyā Puja, lit. 'three-cusp prayer') is a commonly used prayer in Indian Hinduism & Balinese Hinduism. It is uttered three times each day: 6 am, noon, and 6 pm, in line with the Sandhyavandanam tradition.

Before Indonesian independence, standardized prayers did not exist in Balinese Hinduism. Only brahmins recited mantras in temple environments. After the declaration of Indonesian independence in 1945, Sukarno enshrined the Pancasila, or Five Principles, as the basis of the new state, the first of which is "Belief in the one and only God". The Ministry of Religious Affairs, created in 1946 to enforce this principle, initially did not recognize Hinduism, and its adherents faced pressure to convert to either Christianity or Islam.

Balinese Hindus systematically reformed the religion along Abrahamic lines to gain official recognition. One such reform was the synthesis of the Puja Tri Sandya, which was modelled along the Adhan (call to prayer) in Islam and the Angelus prayer in Christianity. Starting from the 1950s, the mantra was taught to schoolchildren. After the granting of official religious status to Hinduism in 1963, the Puja Tri Sandhya began to be broadcast on loudspeakers and radios. Starting in the 1980s, it was also broadcast on television.