As agricultural failures continued and the scientific community increasingly questioned Lysenkoism, criticism began to mount, even within the Soviet Union. Scientists risked their careers to challenge his theories.

More open criticism of Lysenko's work began to surface in Soviet scientific journals and publications.

Following Khrushchev's removal from power, Lysenko was dismissed from his position as Director of the Institute of Genetics of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

The Soviet government officially condemned Lysenkoism as pseudoscience, rehabilitating the field of genetics and allowing scientists who had been persecuted to return to their research.