The Trout Creek Outrage, also known as the Truckee Outrage or Trout Creek Murder, was an example of anti-Chinese violence in California which occurred on the night of June 17–18, 1876. White residents of Truckee, California set fire to two cabins along Trout Creek that housed six Chinese immigrants working as woodcutters approximately 2 mi (3.2 km) northwest of the town; as the woodcutters fled the fires, the Truckee men shot them, killing one and wounding another. Seven men were arrested two months later and tried for arson and murder in September 1876, but the lone defendant for the murder charge was found not guilty by an all-white jury after nine minutes of deliberation, and the arson charges against the men were dismissed. Ten years later in 1886, the citizens of Truckee succeeded in driving the last Chinese immigrants from the city, which previously had been the home of the second-largest Chinatown in the western United States.

As the Central Pacific Railroad were pushing over Donner Pass, Chinese laborers began settling in Truckee as early as 1868. Truckee's original Chinatown was north of the town's namesake river, centered at Spring and Jiboom streets, behind Front Street. After the completion of the First transcontinental railroad in 1869, some of the Chinese who had emigrated to California settled in Truckee and continued their work for the Virginia and Truckee Railroad, despite efforts to displace them. Other Chinese immigrants in Truckee worked as woodcutters, merchants, laundrymen, doctors, and prostitutes. By 1870, Truckee's Chinatown had 407 residents; for comparison, the town itself totaled 1,467. It was the second-largest Chinese community on the west coast.

In late May 1875, Truckee's Chinatown was wiped out completely by a fire that started in a restaurant. The fire destroyed forty Chinese buildings and four houses on Front Street; the latter were mostly insured, though, and losses totaled US$60,000 (equivalent to $1,720,000 in 2024). It was estimated that up to thirty hogs perished in the fire, but no humans. After the fire, a meeting of property owners agreed the Chinatown should be rebuilt on the south side of the Truckee River. Although the initial effort was unsuccessful, broad streets were planned, which would "confine [the existing] Chinatown proper within reasonably narrow limits" and by June 3, concerned citizens had collected enough money to purchase the original land on which Chinatown stood and obtained an agreement with D. H. Haskell, Town Site Agent, to prohibit the sale or rental of any lots within to the Chinese. Nevertheless, the Chinese rebuilt on the burned site.

The Truckee Caucasian League was formed soon after the fire. The Caucasian League was in communication with the San Francisco Anti-Coolie Club, also known as the Young Men's Universal Reform Club. In a May 1876 meeting, the Anti-Coolie Club endorsed the recent forced relocation of Chinese immigrants from Antioch on April 29 and the use of violence in general to expel Chinese immigrants. By June 7, it was reported the Caucasian League had 200 members, actively intimidating Chinese immigrants in town and warning them to leave.

According to the sworn statement of Calvin McCullough, the Caucasian League held a meeting from 8 to 10 p.m. on the night of June 17, 1876; some of the attendees lingered and discussed how they planned "to give the Chinamen a scare". After the meeting, seven men met at the cabin of Frank Wilson, where they armed themselves with guns and proceeded to sneak up on the Chinese camp on the west bank of Trout Creek. The encampment was approximately 2 mi (3.2 km) northwest of Truckee, and the Chinese immigrants worked as woodcutters. The ambushers arrived at approximately 1 a.m.

There, O'Neal and Getchell set the first (upstream) cabin on fire; two others shot at the escaping residents while the remainder stood guard. In the first cabin, two Chinese immigrants (Ah Joe and Ah Lang) were sleeping, but woke after the cabin was doused in coal oil and set on fire. Ah Lang attempted to subdue the fire with a bucket of water, but was shot and injured, then fell and laid quietly in a hole while waiting for the raiders to leave. 48 pellets were removed from his body.

The marauders then proceeded to the second (lower) cabin, approximately 3⁄4 mi (1.2 km) downstream, where four men were sleeping; it was similarly soaked in kerosene and put to the torch. The first to escape, Ah Ping, was shot by the waiting men. According to the statement of Ah Fook, who also lived in the downstream cabin, Ah Ping had left the cabin with a bucket to retrieve water from the nearby creek when he was shot by two men. Ah Ping returned to the cabin and the woodcutters inside protected themselves with blankets until the heat became too intense, forcing them out. They carried Ah Ping across the creek and concealed him in the bushes. At daybreak, they took him to their employer, Joseph Gray, who sent for treatment by Dr. William Curless. However, Ah Ping died at approximately 4 p.m. on June 18. At the trial, Dr. Curless testified the wound, caused by a bullet passing from left to right through Ah Ping's abdomen, "was severe, but not necessarily fatal", but carrying the stricken Ah Ping over 2 to 3 mi (3.2 to 4.8 km) of "rough road" and subsequent treatment by a Chinese doctor may have exacerbated the injury.

Such a crime will be as fruitful of mischief and embarrassment as the Coushitta massacre [sic] was to the Southern Democrats, and it will also be regarded as a complete proof that our claims of superior intelligence and civilization are preposterous and impudent. ... If a party of Americans in China had been attacked as the Truckee miscreants attacked the Chinese, the press of the United States would have been in arms at once, and the Government would have been called upon to demand instant indemnification from Peking, while it would have been thought perfectly justifiable to back up the demand with the guns of our men-of-war.