Truro Island lies within the Arctic Archipelago in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of northern Canada's territory of Nunavut. It is one of the mid-waterway islands in the McDougall Sound between Bathurst Island and Cornwallis Island. Long and narrow, the island is 21 km² (8.1 sq mi).

Truro Island was the base camp for several Collaborative Interdisciplinary Cryospheric Experiment (C-ICE) studies which provide data on atmosphere, sea ice, and ocean interaction, including C-ICE'2000, C-ICE'2001, and C-ICE'2002.