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Tulameen

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Tulameen

Tulameen is an unincorporated community in the Similkameen region of south central British Columbia, Canada. On the lee side of the Canadian Cascades, the village is north of the Tulameen River, west of Otter Creek, and at the foot of Otter Lake. On Coalmont Rd, the place is by road about 84 kilometres (52 mi) south of Merritt and 27 kilometres (17 mi) northwest of Princeton.

Initially called Otter Flat, the location was later renamed after the river, which was originally designated as the north fork of the Similkameen River by the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) but as Tulameen by First Nations. Tulameen means "red earth", referring to the large deposits of red ochre in the valley. First Nations used this for dyeing fabrics and for war paint.

Campement des Femmes (Woman's Camp), opposite the mouth of Collins Gulch, was where the First Nations men left the women and children when they went on the summer hunt or to battle. Likewise, the men stayed behind when the women went berry picking.

Before the signing of the Oregon Treaty in 1846, Alexander Caulfield Anderson surveyed alternative routes to the coast. Following First Nations trails from Otter Lake, he took the longer one in 1846 but the shorter one was adopted in 1849 as part of the Hudson's Bay Brigade Trail. Campement des Femmes became one of the five HBC stopping places on the journey between Hope and Otter Lake.

The remains of the former fort were still visible over 50 years later.

In 1958, a cairn was erected at the site of the former Campement des Femmes and HBC fort.

By 1886, prospectors had created quite a township at Otter Flat, where a new sawmill provided building material. Infrastructure comprised two stores, two saloons, a branch post office, news depot, and bakery. That year, the province reserved 65 hectares (160 acres) for a future townsite, and Thomas Rabbitt opened the second store, but two years later, moved to Slate Creek, which at the time was closer to the main mining activity.

By 1891, Otter Flat was described as the remains of a good sized mining town. Early that decade, Jack Thynne established a ranch to the west, which was a stop on the Merritt–Princeton stage route. During the sawmill relocation to Granite Creek in 1895, the transporting raft rocked, and the equipment plunged into the Tulameen. In 1896, the bridge across Otter Creek was replaced.

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