The Turnpike Roads Act 1766 (7 Geo. 3. c. 40), was an act of the Parliament of Great Britain that consolidated all acts relating to turnpike roads in England and Wales.

The first legislated control in England was introduced under the Highways Act 1555 (2 & 3 Ph. & M. c. 8), which was amended and extended by the Highways Act 1562 (5 Eliz. 1. c. 13).

In 1663, the Road Repair (Hertfordshire, Cambridgeshire, and Huntingdonshire) Act 1663 (15 Cha. 2. c. 1) was passed to authorise the charging of rates for a section of the Great North Road in Hertfordshire, Bedfordshire and Huntingdonshire, becoming the first turnpike act. From the late 17th-century, Parliament increasingly took responsibility for repairing and maintaining roads from local authorities.

From 1700 to 1750, 143 new turnpike acts were passed, followed by a period of "turnpike mania", during which 375 new trusts were created between 1751 and 1772.

In response to the increased development and congestion of roads in England, the Highways Act 1766 (6 Geo. 3. c. 43) was passed to improve their regulation.

Section 61 of the act repealed 13 enactments, listed in that section, effective from and after 28 September 1767.

The Highways (No. 2) Act 1766 (7 Geo. 3. c. 42) was passed at the same time as the act, which consolidated all acts relating to highways in England and Wales.

The act was wholly repealed by the Turnpike Roads Act 1773 (13 Geo. 3. c. 84), which the Select Committee on Temporary Laws described this act as a Consolidation Act.