Tuscola is a city in Taylor County, Texas, United States. The population was 850 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Abilene, Texas Metropolitan Statistical Area.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.7 square mile (1.9 km²), all land.

The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen climate classification system, Tuscola has a humid subtropical climate, Cfa on climate maps.

As of the 2020 census, Tuscola had a population of 850, 314 households, and 203 families. The median age was 35.3 years; 29.5% of residents were under the age of 18 and 13.4% of residents were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 94.1 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 91.4 males age 18 and over.

0.0% of residents lived in urban areas, while 100.0% lived in rural areas.

There were 314 households in Tuscola, of which 42.4% had children under the age of 18 living in them. Of all households, 58.3% were married-couple households, 16.6% were households with a male householder and no spouse or partner present, and 19.4% were households with a female householder and no spouse or partner present. About 15.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.

There were 339 housing units, of which 7.4% were vacant. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.4% and the rental vacancy rate was 1.4%.

As of the census of 2000, there were 714 people, 273 households, and 202 families residing in the city. The population density was 971.2 inhabitants per square mile (375.0/km²). There were 307 housing units at an average density of 417.6 per square mile (161.2/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 97.20% White, 0.14% African American, 0.28% Native American, 0.14% Asian, 0.70% from other races, and 1.54% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.28% of the population.