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Type I collagen
Type I collagen is the most abundant collagen of the human body, consisting of around 90% of the body's total collagen in vertebrates. Due to this, it is also the most abundant protein type found in all vertebrates. Type I forms large, eosinophilic fibers known as collagen fibers, which make up most of the rope-like dense connective tissue in the body.
Collagen I itself is created by the combination of both a proalpha1 and a proalpha2 chain created by the COL1alpha1 and COL1alpha2 genes respectively. The Col I gene itself takes up a triple-helical conformation due to its Glycine-X-Y structure, x and y being any type of amino acid. Collagen can also be found in two different isoforms, either as a homotrimer or a heterotrimer, both of which can be found during different periods of development. Heterotrimers, in particular, play an important role in wound healing, and are the dominant isoform found in the body.
Type I collagen can be found in a myriad of different places in the body, mainly forming the matrix of connective tissues. It is present in scar tissue as well as tendons, ligaments, the endomysium of myofibrils, the organic part of bone, the dermis, the dentin, and organ capsules.
The creation process of type I Collagen begins with the production and the combination of two separate subunits, called the pro-alpha1(I) and pro-alpha2(I) chains. These pro-alpha chains are encoded by the COL1A1 and COL1A2 genes respectively and when combined produce type I pro-collagen. This transcriptional process takes place within the cell's endoplasmic reticulum and must undergo post-translational modifications in order to make the final type I collagen product. The procollagen complex is then modified by different enzyme proteinases which cleave N and C terminal pro-peptides that are present on either side of the molecule. This process occurs outside of the cellular membrane at which post processing, the molecules cross link and form a final type I collagen product.
Type I collagen has a triple-helical form which is caused by its amino acid composition. Its specific domain follows an order of G-X-Y In which the X and Y slots are occupied by any amino acid other than glycine however these slots are typically occupied by both hydroxyproline and proline, not in any particular order. This specific conformation will end up being repeated and packed into a hexagonal structure in order to form collagen fibrils.
The molecular mass of type I collagen is 300,000 g/mol and assembles in one of two higher order molecular assemblies. It forms a large solid structure formed by strict and non-flexible protein interactions. This large multi-protein structure is crucially held together by mainly hydrogen bonds and the fibrils conform to a typical diameter size between 25 - 400 nanometers in this fibril conformation.
Mutations in genes encoding collagen type 1 are known to cause a myriad of different conditions including:
Cardiac Valvular type Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome: This type of Ehlers-Danlos is caused by mutations within the COL1alpha2 gene, which is responsible for encoding the collagen pro-alpha2 chain.
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Type I collagen AI simulator
(@Type I collagen_simulator)
Type I collagen
Type I collagen is the most abundant collagen of the human body, consisting of around 90% of the body's total collagen in vertebrates. Due to this, it is also the most abundant protein type found in all vertebrates. Type I forms large, eosinophilic fibers known as collagen fibers, which make up most of the rope-like dense connective tissue in the body.
Collagen I itself is created by the combination of both a proalpha1 and a proalpha2 chain created by the COL1alpha1 and COL1alpha2 genes respectively. The Col I gene itself takes up a triple-helical conformation due to its Glycine-X-Y structure, x and y being any type of amino acid. Collagen can also be found in two different isoforms, either as a homotrimer or a heterotrimer, both of which can be found during different periods of development. Heterotrimers, in particular, play an important role in wound healing, and are the dominant isoform found in the body.
Type I collagen can be found in a myriad of different places in the body, mainly forming the matrix of connective tissues. It is present in scar tissue as well as tendons, ligaments, the endomysium of myofibrils, the organic part of bone, the dermis, the dentin, and organ capsules.
The creation process of type I Collagen begins with the production and the combination of two separate subunits, called the pro-alpha1(I) and pro-alpha2(I) chains. These pro-alpha chains are encoded by the COL1A1 and COL1A2 genes respectively and when combined produce type I pro-collagen. This transcriptional process takes place within the cell's endoplasmic reticulum and must undergo post-translational modifications in order to make the final type I collagen product. The procollagen complex is then modified by different enzyme proteinases which cleave N and C terminal pro-peptides that are present on either side of the molecule. This process occurs outside of the cellular membrane at which post processing, the molecules cross link and form a final type I collagen product.
Type I collagen has a triple-helical form which is caused by its amino acid composition. Its specific domain follows an order of G-X-Y In which the X and Y slots are occupied by any amino acid other than glycine however these slots are typically occupied by both hydroxyproline and proline, not in any particular order. This specific conformation will end up being repeated and packed into a hexagonal structure in order to form collagen fibrils.
The molecular mass of type I collagen is 300,000 g/mol and assembles in one of two higher order molecular assemblies. It forms a large solid structure formed by strict and non-flexible protein interactions. This large multi-protein structure is crucially held together by mainly hydrogen bonds and the fibrils conform to a typical diameter size between 25 - 400 nanometers in this fibril conformation.
Mutations in genes encoding collagen type 1 are known to cause a myriad of different conditions including:
Cardiac Valvular type Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome: This type of Ehlers-Danlos is caused by mutations within the COL1alpha2 gene, which is responsible for encoding the collagen pro-alpha2 chain.