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Umbraco

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Umbraco

Umbraco is an open-source content management system (CMS) platform for publishing content on the World Wide Web and intranets. It is written in C# and deployed on Microsoft based infrastructure. Since version 4.5, the whole system has been available under an MIT License.

Umbraco was developed by Niels Hartvig in 2000 and released as open source software in 2004. In 2009, CMS Wire described it as one of the leading .NET-based open source CMS systems. In 2010, with 1000 downloads a day, Umbraco was in the top five most popular downloads via the Microsoft Web Platform Installer, two places below its main rival DotNetNuke.

Umbraco is primarily written in C#, stores data in a relational database (commonly Microsoft SQL Server) and runs on Microsoft Kestrel server which can run on Windows or Linux. Umbraco's front-end is built upon Microsoft's .NET, using ASP.NET Core.

Umbraco uses standard ASP.NET features such as ASP.NET "master pages" to facilitate the creation of reusable page layouts, and supports both Razor and XSLT. XSLT has been used for scripting, and in the past there was much debate as to which yielded better performance, since XML has been used for database storage and for the cache file (umbraco.config)

Beginning with Umbraco 9, the platform underwent a major architectural transformation by migrating to .NET 5 and ASP.NET Core, a shift that enabled better performance, cross-platform capabilities, and improved scalability. This marked a move away from legacy .NET Framework dependencies and brought Umbraco in line with Microsoft's modern development ecosystem.

Since then, Umbraco has adopted Microsoft's Long-Term Support (LTS) release cadence, regularly updating its core to align with new .NET versions

In 2008, a data abstraction layer for Umbraco was built, making it possible to support databases other than SQL Server. In version 4.0 of Umbraco, support for MySQL, SQL Server and VistaDB come as standard.

With Umbraco 4.6, released in 2010, VistaDB support was removed, and replaced with support for SQL Server Express and SQL Server Compact Edition, due to licensing issues with VistaDB's parent company.

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