Up is the seventh studio and thirteenth album overall by the English rock musician Peter Gabriel, released on 23 September 2002 through Geffen and Real World Records. The album rose to number 9 in the US, number 11 in the UK, and captured the number 1 position in Italy. The album debuted with sales of 76,000 units in the US and was the highest-charting album on the Billboard 200 from a British artist that week.

Most critics reviewed Up positively. This would be Gabriel's last studio album of new original material until the release of I/O (2023), although he did release several studio projects in the interim (including a covers album, Scratch My Back, in 2010, followed a year later by an album of orchestral re-recordings, New Blood).

Gabriel supported the album with a world tour in 2003 called Growing Up, his first in ten years since the Secret World Tour. Gabriel's Growing Up tour included backing vocals by his daughter Melanie. Select dates were filmed and released as Growing Up Live.

Gabriel started work on the album in the spring of 1995. He and engineer Richard Chappell travelled between different locations during the initial writing stages of the album using a portable setup (recording at Real World Studios in between): the first two months were spent in a rented chalet in Méribel, then three months in Senegal starting in October 1995, followed by another trip to Méribel in Spring 1996 and a brief recording stint on a friend's recording-studio-equipped boat along the Amazon in Summer 1997. From then on, the rest of the album work was based at Real World Studios, where further writing, recording, overdubbing, editing and mixing took place over the next four to five years. Gabriel commented that he opted to record at these locations because he believed that they would be conducive to creativity. He recalled that he found it difficult to record in Senegal due to the heat, which was further exacerbated by the lack of air conditioning there. During his time in France, Gabriel would write and record in the morning and evening and ski during the afternoon.

At one point, work was being done simultaneously on both Up and the OVO soundtrack for a few months, separately by engineers Chappell and Richard Evans (respectively). However, in November 1998, both engineers decided to focus on completing the OVO soundtrack, so work on Up was temporarily put on hold. Tony Levin participated in some of the recording sessions beginning in 1996 and said in a 2000 interview with Virtual Guitar Magazine that Gabriel had yet to finalise the lyrics.

By late 2000, work on the album was finally gathering renewed pace, with a string section recorded at AIR Lyndhurst Hall Studios in London. At this time, Gabriel said that he had roughly 100 ideas to choose from. Gabriel also considered the idea of distributing a set of finished songs to different locations across the world situated near rivers to complete their own mixes, with names of the spinoff albums including Up the Mississippi, Up the Amazon, and Up the Ganges.

Discussing the recording sessions, Manu Katché said that the band would often record roughly six or seven takes in succession, amounting to over 15 minutes of material. Gabriel would store everything that had been recorded onto his computer and assemble each song with his favorite parts from those sessions. Tchad Blake was invited to Real World Studios in early 2001 to begin the final mixing stage. He would work on the mixes in the Big Room in Real World Studios, while Gabriel and Chappell continued recording in the Writing Room. Between them, they would figure out which of the newly recorded parts would be used in the mix or not.

Its name was Up from the start, though at one point the name I/O was considered (which Gabriel started work on during the making of Up and OVO as well, though it would not be released until 2023): "I think 'I/o' is a good title because I noticed a lot of the songs were about birth and death and a little bit of in and out activity in between." In 1998, Gabriel learned that R.E.M. also intended to release an album bearing the same title, but decided to keep it after consulting with the band and much consideration: "I have been living in an 'Up' world for four years now and have no wish to come down." In the months preceding the album's release, video clips of Gabriel talking about the songs as well as short demos of each song were released at the coming of every full moon on Gabriel's official website.