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Up from Slavery
Up from Slavery is an autobiography by an American educator Booker T. Washington (1856–1915), written in 1901 encompassing his life. The book describes his experience of working as an enslaved person during the Civil War. It also described the obstacles he overcame to obtain an education at the new Hampton Institute. His book especially focuses on his work establishing vocational schools like the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama to help Black people and other underrepresented communities learn useful marketable skills.
Up from Slavery became a best-seller, and remained the most popular African-American autobiography until The Autobiography of Malcolm X in 1965. The Modern Library, an American publishing company, listed the book at No. 3 on its list of the 100 best nonfiction books of the 20th century, and in 1999 it was also listed by the conservative Intercollegiate Review as one of the "50 Best Books of the Twentieth Century".
Booker T. Washington was an inspirational figure in the late 19th century. He is recognized for his contribution to education for the Black community, as well as ideology that encouraged Black Americans to rise up rather than rely on pity. His contribution to writing started in 1899, when he published his first novel alongside a ghost writer, Trinity Thomas Fortune titled The Story of My Life and Work. This book was known as an autobiography, but did not get much recognition as critics reviewed it as poorly written. He then wrote Up from Slavery as an independent author, where he reflected on his life before and after emancipation.
The America of the 1880s and 1890s was one of white hostility toward African Americans. There was also the belief that the African-American race would not have been able to survive without the institution of slavery. Popular culture played in to the ideas of "black criminality and moral decline" as can be seen in the characters Jim Crow and Zip Coon. When Washington began his writing and public speaking, he was fighting the notion that African Americans were inherently stupid and incapable of civilization. Washington's primary goal was to impress upon the audience the possibility of progress.
"A Slave Among Slaves": In the first chapter, the reader is given a vivid yet brief sight of the life of slaves, as seen from the author's point of view. Basically, it speaks of the hardships the slaves endured before independence and their joys and hassles (arguments) after liberty. The first chapter explains about his suffering in that plantation and the end days of his slavery. The author feels that his life had its beginning in midst of the most miserable surroundings. He explains about his living conditions, and how his mother works hard to make the days end.
"Boyhood Days": In the second chapter, the reader learns the importance of naming oneself as a means of reaffirming freedom and the extent to which freed men and women would go to reunite their families. After families had reunited and named themselves, they would then seek out employment (often far from their former masters). The reader learns the story behind the author's name: Booker Taliaferro Washington. The second chapter also gives an account of cruel labour of both adults and children in the mines at the city of Malden. Furthermore, Booker is strongly attracted towards education and oscillates between the extensive schedule of the day's work and the school. The second chapter also describes the character of Booker's mother and her role in his life.
"The Struggle for Education": Washington struggles, in this chapter, to earn enough money to reach and remain at Hampton Institute. That was his first experience related to the importance of willingness to do manual labor. The first introduction of General Samuel C. Armstrong
"Helping Others": Conditions at Hampton are discussed in this chapter, as well as Washington's first trip home from school. He returns early from vacation to aid teachers in the cleaning of their classrooms. When Washington returns the next summer, he is elected to teach local students, young and old, through a night school, Sunday school, and private lessons. This chapter also gives the first mention of groups such as the Ku Klux Klan.
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Up from Slavery
Up from Slavery is an autobiography by an American educator Booker T. Washington (1856–1915), written in 1901 encompassing his life. The book describes his experience of working as an enslaved person during the Civil War. It also described the obstacles he overcame to obtain an education at the new Hampton Institute. His book especially focuses on his work establishing vocational schools like the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama to help Black people and other underrepresented communities learn useful marketable skills.
Up from Slavery became a best-seller, and remained the most popular African-American autobiography until The Autobiography of Malcolm X in 1965. The Modern Library, an American publishing company, listed the book at No. 3 on its list of the 100 best nonfiction books of the 20th century, and in 1999 it was also listed by the conservative Intercollegiate Review as one of the "50 Best Books of the Twentieth Century".
Booker T. Washington was an inspirational figure in the late 19th century. He is recognized for his contribution to education for the Black community, as well as ideology that encouraged Black Americans to rise up rather than rely on pity. His contribution to writing started in 1899, when he published his first novel alongside a ghost writer, Trinity Thomas Fortune titled The Story of My Life and Work. This book was known as an autobiography, but did not get much recognition as critics reviewed it as poorly written. He then wrote Up from Slavery as an independent author, where he reflected on his life before and after emancipation.
The America of the 1880s and 1890s was one of white hostility toward African Americans. There was also the belief that the African-American race would not have been able to survive without the institution of slavery. Popular culture played in to the ideas of "black criminality and moral decline" as can be seen in the characters Jim Crow and Zip Coon. When Washington began his writing and public speaking, he was fighting the notion that African Americans were inherently stupid and incapable of civilization. Washington's primary goal was to impress upon the audience the possibility of progress.
"A Slave Among Slaves": In the first chapter, the reader is given a vivid yet brief sight of the life of slaves, as seen from the author's point of view. Basically, it speaks of the hardships the slaves endured before independence and their joys and hassles (arguments) after liberty. The first chapter explains about his suffering in that plantation and the end days of his slavery. The author feels that his life had its beginning in midst of the most miserable surroundings. He explains about his living conditions, and how his mother works hard to make the days end.
"Boyhood Days": In the second chapter, the reader learns the importance of naming oneself as a means of reaffirming freedom and the extent to which freed men and women would go to reunite their families. After families had reunited and named themselves, they would then seek out employment (often far from their former masters). The reader learns the story behind the author's name: Booker Taliaferro Washington. The second chapter also gives an account of cruel labour of both adults and children in the mines at the city of Malden. Furthermore, Booker is strongly attracted towards education and oscillates between the extensive schedule of the day's work and the school. The second chapter also describes the character of Booker's mother and her role in his life.
"The Struggle for Education": Washington struggles, in this chapter, to earn enough money to reach and remain at Hampton Institute. That was his first experience related to the importance of willingness to do manual labor. The first introduction of General Samuel C. Armstrong
"Helping Others": Conditions at Hampton are discussed in this chapter, as well as Washington's first trip home from school. He returns early from vacation to aid teachers in the cleaning of their classrooms. When Washington returns the next summer, he is elected to teach local students, young and old, through a night school, Sunday school, and private lessons. This chapter also gives the first mention of groups such as the Ku Klux Klan.