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Utian languages

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Utian languages

Utian (also Miwok–Costanoan, Miwok–Ohlone or formerly Mutsun) is a family of Indigenous languages spoken in Northern California, United States. The Miwok and Ohlone peoples both spoke languages of the Utian language family. It has been argued that the Utian languages and Yokuts languages are sub-families of the Yok-Utian language family. Utian and Yokutsan have traditionally been considered part of the Penutian language phylum.

All Utian languages are severely endangered, extinct or revitalizing.

The Miwok classification below is based on Mithun (1999), while the Ohlone classification below is based primarily on Callaghan (2001). Other classifications of Ohlone list Northern Costanoan, Southern Costanoan, and Karkin as single languages, with the following subgroups of each considered as dialects:

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