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Vanhnuailiana
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Vanhnuailiana
Vanhnuailiana (English: Vonolel; lit. 'the greatest of all under the skies'; c. 1800 - 1871) was the chief of the Eastern Lushai Hills. Vanhnuailiana expanded his influence over the Sukte and Poi tribes in the east and attempted incursions into Naga territories in Manipur. He was considered the most powerful chief in the Eastern Lushai Hills until his death in 1871. He presided over several conflicts during his period of chieftainship.
Vanhnuailiana's father, Lalsavunga, originally migrated his settlement from Champhai to Saitual. It is estimated that Lalsavunga died in 1849 hence allowing Vanhnuailiana to inherit chieftainship. Other sources place Lalsavunga's death earlier such as 1820 and Vanhnuailiana's rule beginning in 1818. After the North-South War between his uncle Vuta and the Southern Chief Lalpuithanga, Vanhnuailiana left Saitual to Tualte.
Tualte was one of the largest settlements in pre-colonial Mizo history. The earliest confirmation of its existence was in 1861 despite existing before from an unknown date. The settlement was estimated to consist of over 1000 households. Unlike other notable settlements, which were confederations, Vanhnuailiana was the sole chief of this settlement. Vanhnuailiana's leadership in Tualte is accompanied by legendary figures in Mizo history known as Pasaltha, which he inherited from his father, Lalsavunga. The settlement boasted 12 heroic personalities namely: Vanapa, Chawngduma, Keihawla, Tawkthiala, Zampuimanga, Chhunkeuva, Darbuta, Chalkhenga, Darruma, Darphawka, Darkuala and Zabiaka. However, Tualte was forced to disperse due to the onset of mautam famine in 1861.
After the death of his father Lalsavunga, Vanhnuailiana kept his promise to his father or pushing up towards the north. Vanhnuailiana left Lamzawl in Saitual to push the Pawis. When the Pawis heard this they attacked the Lusei and killed them. Vanhnuailiana was angered at this and targeted their chief, who was known to walk in the countryside. They shot the chief but his men took cover behind the foot of a tree and fought against the Luseis. Eventually the Pawi were defeated and fled. The Pawis were chased by a party led by Vana Pa. Fighting continued for several days. The Pawi attempted to fight near Kawlkulh with an ambush but retreated after being fought back. The Pawi eventually crossed two rivers and settled for camp. The sentry on guard also fell asleep. A pasalṭha named Tawkthiala proposed to Vana Pa for him to catch any guard in the fields and for him to shoot them. Vana Pa, however did not agree. As Tawkthiala and Chawngduma took their guns, Vana Pa decided to permitted to fire. The Pawi chief's friend who was sleeping on the floor was shot dead. The Luseis then went to a safe place and used the darkness as cover to fight before leaving the camp. The next morning, Tawkthiala attempted to fight again to fight as a leader and capture the body of their victim in the camp. However Vana Pa instead professed that many Pawis had died and their party was unharmed, as a result they returned back.
Vanhnuailiana also began a war against the Sukte clans. Vanhnuailiana's house was burnt down during the night and the night patrol stated that a Sukte tribesman had committed the act. This prompted Vanhnuailiana to wage war on the Sukte tribes. He commanded the Pasalṭha in the Zawlbuk to find any Sukte they could find north of Lentlang and to kill them. Vanhnuailiana recalled his men soon after realizing his orders had been too impulsive. However five men could not be called back. A skirmish occurred in which the Lusei men killed a Sukte before they faced retaliation. In a panic they fled and threw away two guns in which the Sukte shot one of the Lusei dead. Vanhnuailiana sent an upa to confess that the men were robbers not under his control but the Sukte refused to listen.
Eventually a peace agreement was reached between Vanhnuailiana and the Sukte. A non-aggression pact was made with agreements to surrender captives and return runaway slaves escaping to enemy territories.
Vanhnuailiana later moved from Tualte to Lundup (west of Kelkang, near Buang). He sent his son Dothiauva (Deuti) to rule Kelkang. Hostilities with the Western Lushai chiefs erupted due to Khalkam's wish to take a maiden named Tuali who was betrothed to Vanhnuailiana's son, and migrations of settlements becoming too close during jhum cultivation.Khalkam's attempt at capturing Tuali failed in the end.
Vanhnuailiana began expanding his influence in Manipur in 1853. Vanhnuailiana succeeded in driving out the previous tribes of the Manipur frontier, namely the Khongjai and Kom Kukis. Vanhnuailiana attempted to invade another Khongjai village where his war party suffered 10 deaths as opposed to 2 deaths of the settlement who possessed mounted men. An outpost was established at the point fo entry in the valley. In 1856, the village of Nomidong (which had previously been raided by Lushais before) was cut up and destroyed. The Manipuri officials did not ascertain the responsibility of the raid to the Lushais or Khongjais.
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Vanhnuailiana
Vanhnuailiana (English: Vonolel; lit. 'the greatest of all under the skies'; c. 1800 - 1871) was the chief of the Eastern Lushai Hills. Vanhnuailiana expanded his influence over the Sukte and Poi tribes in the east and attempted incursions into Naga territories in Manipur. He was considered the most powerful chief in the Eastern Lushai Hills until his death in 1871. He presided over several conflicts during his period of chieftainship.
Vanhnuailiana's father, Lalsavunga, originally migrated his settlement from Champhai to Saitual. It is estimated that Lalsavunga died in 1849 hence allowing Vanhnuailiana to inherit chieftainship. Other sources place Lalsavunga's death earlier such as 1820 and Vanhnuailiana's rule beginning in 1818. After the North-South War between his uncle Vuta and the Southern Chief Lalpuithanga, Vanhnuailiana left Saitual to Tualte.
Tualte was one of the largest settlements in pre-colonial Mizo history. The earliest confirmation of its existence was in 1861 despite existing before from an unknown date. The settlement was estimated to consist of over 1000 households. Unlike other notable settlements, which were confederations, Vanhnuailiana was the sole chief of this settlement. Vanhnuailiana's leadership in Tualte is accompanied by legendary figures in Mizo history known as Pasaltha, which he inherited from his father, Lalsavunga. The settlement boasted 12 heroic personalities namely: Vanapa, Chawngduma, Keihawla, Tawkthiala, Zampuimanga, Chhunkeuva, Darbuta, Chalkhenga, Darruma, Darphawka, Darkuala and Zabiaka. However, Tualte was forced to disperse due to the onset of mautam famine in 1861.
After the death of his father Lalsavunga, Vanhnuailiana kept his promise to his father or pushing up towards the north. Vanhnuailiana left Lamzawl in Saitual to push the Pawis. When the Pawis heard this they attacked the Lusei and killed them. Vanhnuailiana was angered at this and targeted their chief, who was known to walk in the countryside. They shot the chief but his men took cover behind the foot of a tree and fought against the Luseis. Eventually the Pawi were defeated and fled. The Pawis were chased by a party led by Vana Pa. Fighting continued for several days. The Pawi attempted to fight near Kawlkulh with an ambush but retreated after being fought back. The Pawi eventually crossed two rivers and settled for camp. The sentry on guard also fell asleep. A pasalṭha named Tawkthiala proposed to Vana Pa for him to catch any guard in the fields and for him to shoot them. Vana Pa, however did not agree. As Tawkthiala and Chawngduma took their guns, Vana Pa decided to permitted to fire. The Pawi chief's friend who was sleeping on the floor was shot dead. The Luseis then went to a safe place and used the darkness as cover to fight before leaving the camp. The next morning, Tawkthiala attempted to fight again to fight as a leader and capture the body of their victim in the camp. However Vana Pa instead professed that many Pawis had died and their party was unharmed, as a result they returned back.
Vanhnuailiana also began a war against the Sukte clans. Vanhnuailiana's house was burnt down during the night and the night patrol stated that a Sukte tribesman had committed the act. This prompted Vanhnuailiana to wage war on the Sukte tribes. He commanded the Pasalṭha in the Zawlbuk to find any Sukte they could find north of Lentlang and to kill them. Vanhnuailiana recalled his men soon after realizing his orders had been too impulsive. However five men could not be called back. A skirmish occurred in which the Lusei men killed a Sukte before they faced retaliation. In a panic they fled and threw away two guns in which the Sukte shot one of the Lusei dead. Vanhnuailiana sent an upa to confess that the men were robbers not under his control but the Sukte refused to listen.
Eventually a peace agreement was reached between Vanhnuailiana and the Sukte. A non-aggression pact was made with agreements to surrender captives and return runaway slaves escaping to enemy territories.
Vanhnuailiana later moved from Tualte to Lundup (west of Kelkang, near Buang). He sent his son Dothiauva (Deuti) to rule Kelkang. Hostilities with the Western Lushai chiefs erupted due to Khalkam's wish to take a maiden named Tuali who was betrothed to Vanhnuailiana's son, and migrations of settlements becoming too close during jhum cultivation.Khalkam's attempt at capturing Tuali failed in the end.
Vanhnuailiana began expanding his influence in Manipur in 1853. Vanhnuailiana succeeded in driving out the previous tribes of the Manipur frontier, namely the Khongjai and Kom Kukis. Vanhnuailiana attempted to invade another Khongjai village where his war party suffered 10 deaths as opposed to 2 deaths of the settlement who possessed mounted men. An outpost was established at the point fo entry in the valley. In 1856, the village of Nomidong (which had previously been raided by Lushais before) was cut up and destroyed. The Manipuri officials did not ascertain the responsibility of the raid to the Lushais or Khongjais.
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