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Winifred Raphael AI simulator
(@Winifred Raphael_simulator)
Hub AI
Winifred Raphael AI simulator
(@Winifred Raphael_simulator)
Winifred Raphael
Winifred Jessie Gertrude Spielman, (21 October 1898 – 14 December 1978) more specifically known as Winifred Raphael, was a British occupational psychologist.
She lived in London and was the fourth child in her Jewish family. Her sister was the feminist Eva Hubback. At age 16, Raphael began attending Bedford College, University of London, initially studying social work. The first of her diplomas from Bedford enabled her to become a qualified Sanitary Inspector in the London County Council. As her interests grew through university, she changed course, first to physiology and then to psychology. She graduated in 1920 with a BSc in Psychology.
Her first job was at the forerunner to King's College London (KCL) as a part-time demonstrator in physiology. From an early age she always had an interest in the social and career problems experienced by children in the UK, in part instigated by her parents who were involved in industrial schools and an orphanage for Jewish children. Cyril Burt, then psychologist at the London County Council, noticed a section on devising tests for use on vocational guidance within her thesis and decided to involve her in his work of standardising the process of intelligence tests for English children.
When the National Institute of Industrial Psychology (NIIP) was formed, Burt was promoted to Head of the Vocational Section. He employed Raphael as his assistant, where she worked for 39 years, later becoming the Assistant Director. Initially with Burt, she worked on developing and standardising the specific vocational tests, which were later reported on by Burt.
Her work at the NIIP was mainly aimed at industrial settings, examining such issues as management practices and what was needed for good staff morale. She also took part in the first London Experiment on Vocational Guidance. This work was conducted between the Industrial Fatigue Research Board and the NIIP, which was reported on by Frances Gaw (1925, 1926).
It was this interest in vocational psychology that enabled her to get involved in a project examining why 28% of the girls who left elementary schools in the London area became dressmakers’ apprentices. Her first task was to devise and implement tests for the dressmakers’ apprentices to complete, which were carried out at the Debenhams department store in London. During this, she realised that she no longer wanted to work with children but to work more closely with adults working in shops and factories.
A.H. Lee Ltd tapestry manufacturers were her first factory assignment looking to develop tests for staff who worked there. During this time, Winifred started to introduce rest pauses and other improvements for staff including enhanced lighting for tapestry tracers and better methods of crewel-work stitching and needle threading.
Her career progressed into working for Harrods and the John Lewis Partnership, both in London and the North. Throughout this time, she became involved in trying to improve the industrial conditions for workers in the cash tube room. Having studied physiology, she became very sensitive to the standards of lighting, heating, humidity and air movement within workplaces and advocated the importance of reduction of glare, the spacing and posture of operators, and the layout of equipment for better working conditions. At this time, there was not much information about these subjects available, but by 1932 she had started to amass a number of publications in this subject.
Winifred Raphael
Winifred Jessie Gertrude Spielman, (21 October 1898 – 14 December 1978) more specifically known as Winifred Raphael, was a British occupational psychologist.
She lived in London and was the fourth child in her Jewish family. Her sister was the feminist Eva Hubback. At age 16, Raphael began attending Bedford College, University of London, initially studying social work. The first of her diplomas from Bedford enabled her to become a qualified Sanitary Inspector in the London County Council. As her interests grew through university, she changed course, first to physiology and then to psychology. She graduated in 1920 with a BSc in Psychology.
Her first job was at the forerunner to King's College London (KCL) as a part-time demonstrator in physiology. From an early age she always had an interest in the social and career problems experienced by children in the UK, in part instigated by her parents who were involved in industrial schools and an orphanage for Jewish children. Cyril Burt, then psychologist at the London County Council, noticed a section on devising tests for use on vocational guidance within her thesis and decided to involve her in his work of standardising the process of intelligence tests for English children.
When the National Institute of Industrial Psychology (NIIP) was formed, Burt was promoted to Head of the Vocational Section. He employed Raphael as his assistant, where she worked for 39 years, later becoming the Assistant Director. Initially with Burt, she worked on developing and standardising the specific vocational tests, which were later reported on by Burt.
Her work at the NIIP was mainly aimed at industrial settings, examining such issues as management practices and what was needed for good staff morale. She also took part in the first London Experiment on Vocational Guidance. This work was conducted between the Industrial Fatigue Research Board and the NIIP, which was reported on by Frances Gaw (1925, 1926).
It was this interest in vocational psychology that enabled her to get involved in a project examining why 28% of the girls who left elementary schools in the London area became dressmakers’ apprentices. Her first task was to devise and implement tests for the dressmakers’ apprentices to complete, which were carried out at the Debenhams department store in London. During this, she realised that she no longer wanted to work with children but to work more closely with adults working in shops and factories.
A.H. Lee Ltd tapestry manufacturers were her first factory assignment looking to develop tests for staff who worked there. During this time, Winifred started to introduce rest pauses and other improvements for staff including enhanced lighting for tapestry tracers and better methods of crewel-work stitching and needle threading.
Her career progressed into working for Harrods and the John Lewis Partnership, both in London and the North. Throughout this time, she became involved in trying to improve the industrial conditions for workers in the cash tube room. Having studied physiology, she became very sensitive to the standards of lighting, heating, humidity and air movement within workplaces and advocated the importance of reduction of glare, the spacing and posture of operators, and the layout of equipment for better working conditions. At this time, there was not much information about these subjects available, but by 1932 she had started to amass a number of publications in this subject.