Allied forces are evacuated from Dunkirk, France, as German forces close in.

The German air force, the Luftwaffe, engages in a series of air battles with the British Royal Air Force.

Germany launches a massive invasion of the Soviet Union, marking the beginning of the Eastern Front.

The Soviet Union defeats German forces at Stalingrad, marking a major victory and a turning point in the war on the Eastern Front.

Allied forces launch a massive invasion of Nazi-occupied France, known as D-Day.

Germany launches a surprise counterattack through the Ardennes forest, which is eventually repelled by Allied forces.