Xiaoshan is a suburban district of Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. It was formerly a city in its own right, separated by the Qiantang River from Hangzhou proper, but the municipality was annexed by its more populous neighbor in 2001.

Xiaoshan has a permanent population with residential rights of around 1,511,000 and an additional non-permanent population of about 876,500. Most of the local residents are Han people who speak a local variety of Wu Chinese in addition to Mandarin Chinese. The area's history of human settlement dates back to more than 8000 years ago, as excavations at Xiaoshan's Kuahuqiao archeological site have shown. Xiaoshan's manufacturing-dominated economy has made it one of the most affluent metropolitan districts in China. In 2012 it had a GDP of 161.2 billion CNY, or around $17,000 per capita. Hangzhou's international airport, Hangzhou Xiaoshan International Airport, is located in western Xiaoshan, close to the mouth of Hangzhou Bay. The district is also at the center of one of China's local real estate booms, as the demand for newer, more upscale housing from China's growing middle class has led to an explosion in construction of new high-rise condominiums. In addition, Hangzhou Xiaoshan Sports Centre is also found in Xiaoshan.

The local culture is deeply rooted in the area's communist character, and the Chinese Communist Party has a strong local presence and an estimated local membership of 250,000.

Subdistricts:

Towns:

The extreme maximum temperatures since 1951 recorded has ranged from 42.2 °C (108 °F) (July 25, August 1, 2003, and July 30, 2013), to −15 °C (5 °F)(January 5, 1977).

Xiaoshan District is in the north of Zhejiang Province, between latitude 29°50'48"-30°23'33 "N and longitude 120°04'21"-120°43'31 "E. The area is about 63.05 kilometers from east to west and 60.5 kilometers from north to south. It is about 63.05 kilometers wide from east to west and 60.5 kilometers long from north to south, with a total area of 1,417.834 square kilometers.

Topography and geomorphology