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Xuzhou (ancient China)
Xuzhou as a historical toponym refers to varied area in different eras.
Ordinarily, it was a reference to the Nine Provinces which modern Xuzhou inherited.
Xuzhou or Xu Province was one of the Nine Provinces of ancient China mentioned in Chinese historical texts such as the Tribute of Yu, Erya and Rites of Zhou.
The Yu Gong [Tribute of Yu] records: "The Sea, Mount Dai (ancient name of Mount Tai), and the Huai River served as the boundaries of Xuzhou." While the definition of Xuzhou is more brief in Erya: "Where is located in the east of Ji River". Based on these descriptions, the ancient Xuzhou covered an area that roughly corresponds to the regions in modern southeastern Shandong (south of Mount Tai) and northern Jiangsu (north of the Huai River).
In 106 BCE, during the reign of Emperor Wu (r. 141–87 BCE) in the Western Han dynasty (206 BCE – 9 CE), China was divided into 13 administrative divisions or provinces (excluding the capital Chang'an and seven commanderies in its vicinity), each governed by a cishi (刺史; Inspector). 11 of them were named after the Nine Provinces mentioned in the historical texts Classic of History and Rites of Zhou. Xuzhou was one of the 11, and it covered parts of modern Jiangsu (north of the Yangtze River) and southeastern Shandong. In the Eastern Han dynasty (25–220 CE), Xuzhou's capital was set up at Tan (郯; present-day Tancheng County, Linyi, Shandong).
During the Three Kingdoms period (220–280), Xuzhou was a territory of the state of Cao Wei (220–265), and its capital was moved to Pengcheng (彭城; present-day Xuzhou, Jiangsu). The area of Xuzhou shrank slightly as its southern border with Sun Wu.
After the fall of the Western Jin (265–316) due to the Wu Hu uprising, the Jin remnants fled to southern China from the north and established the Eastern Jin (317–420). To govern the people from northern who relocated in the south of the Huai River, while its area shrank again. Its capital was variable, it moved to Xiapi (下邳; present-day Suining County, Jiangsu), Shanyang (山陽; present-day Huai'an District, Jiangsu), Guangling (廣陵; present-day Yangzhou, Jiangsu) and Jingkou (京口; present-day Zhenjiang, Jiangsu) at different stages. Since its capital moved to the south of the Yangtze River, where had never been a part of its area, Xuzhou became a migrated province.
In the Sixteen Kingdoms period, Xuzhou was divided between, or came under the administration of, various kingdoms:
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Xuzhou (ancient China)
Xuzhou as a historical toponym refers to varied area in different eras.
Ordinarily, it was a reference to the Nine Provinces which modern Xuzhou inherited.
Xuzhou or Xu Province was one of the Nine Provinces of ancient China mentioned in Chinese historical texts such as the Tribute of Yu, Erya and Rites of Zhou.
The Yu Gong [Tribute of Yu] records: "The Sea, Mount Dai (ancient name of Mount Tai), and the Huai River served as the boundaries of Xuzhou." While the definition of Xuzhou is more brief in Erya: "Where is located in the east of Ji River". Based on these descriptions, the ancient Xuzhou covered an area that roughly corresponds to the regions in modern southeastern Shandong (south of Mount Tai) and northern Jiangsu (north of the Huai River).
In 106 BCE, during the reign of Emperor Wu (r. 141–87 BCE) in the Western Han dynasty (206 BCE – 9 CE), China was divided into 13 administrative divisions or provinces (excluding the capital Chang'an and seven commanderies in its vicinity), each governed by a cishi (刺史; Inspector). 11 of them were named after the Nine Provinces mentioned in the historical texts Classic of History and Rites of Zhou. Xuzhou was one of the 11, and it covered parts of modern Jiangsu (north of the Yangtze River) and southeastern Shandong. In the Eastern Han dynasty (25–220 CE), Xuzhou's capital was set up at Tan (郯; present-day Tancheng County, Linyi, Shandong).
During the Three Kingdoms period (220–280), Xuzhou was a territory of the state of Cao Wei (220–265), and its capital was moved to Pengcheng (彭城; present-day Xuzhou, Jiangsu). The area of Xuzhou shrank slightly as its southern border with Sun Wu.
After the fall of the Western Jin (265–316) due to the Wu Hu uprising, the Jin remnants fled to southern China from the north and established the Eastern Jin (317–420). To govern the people from northern who relocated in the south of the Huai River, while its area shrank again. Its capital was variable, it moved to Xiapi (下邳; present-day Suining County, Jiangsu), Shanyang (山陽; present-day Huai'an District, Jiangsu), Guangling (廣陵; present-day Yangzhou, Jiangsu) and Jingkou (京口; present-day Zhenjiang, Jiangsu) at different stages. Since its capital moved to the south of the Yangtze River, where had never been a part of its area, Xuzhou became a migrated province.
In the Sixteen Kingdoms period, Xuzhou was divided between, or came under the administration of, various kingdoms: