Yelarbon is a rural town and locality in the Goondiwindi Region, Queensland, Australia. It is on the border of Queensland and New South Wales. In the 2021 census, the locality of Yelarbon had a population of 313 people.

Yelarbon is in south-central Queensland on the Dumaresq River, near the New South Wales border. It sits on the Cunningham Highway midway between Goondiwindi and Inglewood.

Bigambul (also known as Bigambal, Bigumbil, Pikambul, Pikumbul) is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken by the Bigambul people. The Bigambul language region includes the landscape within the local government boundaries of the Goondiwindi Regional Council, including the towns of Goondiwindi, Yelarbon and Texas extending north towards Moonie and Millmerran.

Yelarbon is an Aboriginal Australian word meaning "Native name for the large lagoon adjacent to the Station."

It was the first place in Queensland to grow tobacco commercially.^{[citation needed]}

In the 2006 census, the locality of Yelarbon had a population of 448 people.

In the 2016 census, the locality of Yelarbon had a population of 364 people.

In the 2021 census, the locality of Yelarbon had a population of 313 people.