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Yirandhali
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Yirandhali
The Yirandhali are an indigenous Australian people, who lived in the area of the present day Shire of Flinders in the state of Queensland.
Yirandhali may, according to Robert Dixon, belong to the Maric branch of the Pama–Nyungan language family.
According to Peter Sutton, the list of words given by an early settler, M. Armstrong, of the language of the Upper Cape River, which Norman Tindale ascribes to the Yilba, actually refers to the Yirandhali language.
The Yirandhali had an estimated territorial estate, according to Tindale, of around 16,000 square miles (41,000 km2). The heartland of their country lay west of the Great Dividing Range, around the upper Dutton and Flinders rivers and stretched from near Mount Sturgeon southwards as far as Caledonia. Their western limits lay close to Richmond, Corfield, and the area east of Winton. The Yirandhali were the indigenous peoples of Torrens, Tower Hill, and Landsborough Creeks, of Lammermoor, Hughenden and Tangorin.
Watering on Yirandhali territory was in good part based on the resources of Towerhill Creek, which, running south, provided 12 "reaches" or watering holes: Pilmunny, Beroota, Marrikanna, Narrkooroo, Narkool, Newjenna, Turrummina, Mattamundukka, Teekalamungga, Teekaloonda, Kooroorinya and Bogunda. The wells had been dug, maintained and kept in good repair by the tribe "since time immemorial".
The Yirandhali marriage system recognized four classes:
Yirandhali lands were expropriated for running sheep and cattle, after the Scottish immigrant William Landsborough passed through their land. The main informant for the earliest period is Robert Christison, who took up an extensive tract of land for pastoral purposes between the Landsborough and Thomson rivers, and reckoned their numbers at about 300. The editor of his papers and his biographer, his daughter Mary Montgomerie Bennett, writing in 1927 states however that when Christison took up the Yirandhali lands in 1863, they numbered 500. His daughter describes his first contact in the following terms:
One day, with Gailbury, overtaking some blacks, he chose a fine-looking young fellow and rode after him, heading him back from the scrub that he was making for to the open plain. In desperation the black fellow ran up a tree. Christison dismounted and signed to him to come down, else he would cut down the tree. Thereupon the black fellow sprang to the ground and threw his arms round the horse's neck, supplicating the terrified animal that snorted and backed, broke the reins, and galloped off. Christison had a difficult task to hold the black fellow, for he was very strong, with muscle like whipcord, slippery with emu oil, and wriggled like an eel. However, he secured the black fellow and brought him home and chained him to a verandah post. He fed him, gave him a blanket, taught him to smoke, and succeeded in convincing him of his friendly intentions, while he picked up what he could of the black fellow's language and learnt the name of the tribe-Dalleburra-and of the black fellow - Ko-bro.'
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Yirandhali
The Yirandhali are an indigenous Australian people, who lived in the area of the present day Shire of Flinders in the state of Queensland.
Yirandhali may, according to Robert Dixon, belong to the Maric branch of the Pama–Nyungan language family.
According to Peter Sutton, the list of words given by an early settler, M. Armstrong, of the language of the Upper Cape River, which Norman Tindale ascribes to the Yilba, actually refers to the Yirandhali language.
The Yirandhali had an estimated territorial estate, according to Tindale, of around 16,000 square miles (41,000 km2). The heartland of their country lay west of the Great Dividing Range, around the upper Dutton and Flinders rivers and stretched from near Mount Sturgeon southwards as far as Caledonia. Their western limits lay close to Richmond, Corfield, and the area east of Winton. The Yirandhali were the indigenous peoples of Torrens, Tower Hill, and Landsborough Creeks, of Lammermoor, Hughenden and Tangorin.
Watering on Yirandhali territory was in good part based on the resources of Towerhill Creek, which, running south, provided 12 "reaches" or watering holes: Pilmunny, Beroota, Marrikanna, Narrkooroo, Narkool, Newjenna, Turrummina, Mattamundukka, Teekalamungga, Teekaloonda, Kooroorinya and Bogunda. The wells had been dug, maintained and kept in good repair by the tribe "since time immemorial".
The Yirandhali marriage system recognized four classes:
Yirandhali lands were expropriated for running sheep and cattle, after the Scottish immigrant William Landsborough passed through their land. The main informant for the earliest period is Robert Christison, who took up an extensive tract of land for pastoral purposes between the Landsborough and Thomson rivers, and reckoned their numbers at about 300. The editor of his papers and his biographer, his daughter Mary Montgomerie Bennett, writing in 1927 states however that when Christison took up the Yirandhali lands in 1863, they numbered 500. His daughter describes his first contact in the following terms:
One day, with Gailbury, overtaking some blacks, he chose a fine-looking young fellow and rode after him, heading him back from the scrub that he was making for to the open plain. In desperation the black fellow ran up a tree. Christison dismounted and signed to him to come down, else he would cut down the tree. Thereupon the black fellow sprang to the ground and threw his arms round the horse's neck, supplicating the terrified animal that snorted and backed, broke the reins, and galloped off. Christison had a difficult task to hold the black fellow, for he was very strong, with muscle like whipcord, slippery with emu oil, and wriggled like an eel. However, he secured the black fellow and brought him home and chained him to a verandah post. He fed him, gave him a blanket, taught him to smoke, and succeeded in convincing him of his friendly intentions, while he picked up what he could of the black fellow's language and learnt the name of the tribe-Dalleburra-and of the black fellow - Ko-bro.'