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Yizhixie
Yizhixie (Chinese: 伊稚邪; Late Old Chinese: *ʔi-ḍiᴴ-ja; r. 126–114 BC) was the brother of Junchen Chanyu and his successor to the Xiongnu throne. Yizhixie ruled during a time of conflict with the Han dynasty under the military expansionist Emperor Wu (r. 141–87 BC).
Originally the Eastern Luli-Prince, Yizhixie, a younger brother of Junchen, had to stage a coup against the previous chanyu's son Yudan, the Eastern Tuqi (Wise Prince). Yudan was defeated by Yizhixie in battle and fled to the Han dynasty, where Emperor Wu gave him a princely title. A few months later Yudan died.
[In the Xiongnu state] there are the Left and Right Wise Kings, Left and Right Luli Kings, Left and Right Generals, Left and Right Commandants, Left and Right Household Administrators and Left and Right Gudu Marquises. The Xiongnu word for "wise" is tuqi, therefore they often refer to the Heir Apparent as the Tuqi King of the Left. Starting from the Wise Kings of the Left and Right, down to the Household Administrators, the most important ones [command] ten thousand horsemen, the least important a few thousand; altogether they are referred to as the twenty-four high dignitaries.
— Records of the Grand Historian
In 125 BC, the Xiongnu raided Chinese provinces in 3 groups, each with 30,000 cavalry. The Western Jükü-Prince, angry that Chinese Court took Ordos and built Shuofang, attacked the borders of China a few times; and when he entered the Ordos, plundered Shuofang, and killed and captured many officials and other people.
In early 124 BC, Wei Qing and four other generals led a force of 100,000, mostly light cavalry, against the Xiongnu. The Tuqi of the Right assumed they would turn back after he retreated, but they did not, and he was surprised at his camp. The Han emerged victorious, capturing ten petty chieftains, 15,000 Xiongnu, and one million livestock.
In early 123 BC, Wei Qing and others led 100,000 cavalry against the Xiongnu, killing and capturing 3,000 north of Dingxiang. However Su Jian and Zhao Xin advanced too far with only 3,000 and were cut down. Zhao Xin defected while Su Jian managed to escape. Zhao Xin was originally a Xiongnu prince who had defected to the Han. He married one of Yizhixie's sisters and became his chief adviser on China. He convinced Yizhixie to move his capital further north of the Gobi Desert in order to avoid Han invasions and to lure them deeper into the steppes.
In 122 BC, a Xiongnu force of 10,000 raided Shanggu.
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Yizhixie
Yizhixie (Chinese: 伊稚邪; Late Old Chinese: *ʔi-ḍiᴴ-ja; r. 126–114 BC) was the brother of Junchen Chanyu and his successor to the Xiongnu throne. Yizhixie ruled during a time of conflict with the Han dynasty under the military expansionist Emperor Wu (r. 141–87 BC).
Originally the Eastern Luli-Prince, Yizhixie, a younger brother of Junchen, had to stage a coup against the previous chanyu's son Yudan, the Eastern Tuqi (Wise Prince). Yudan was defeated by Yizhixie in battle and fled to the Han dynasty, where Emperor Wu gave him a princely title. A few months later Yudan died.
[In the Xiongnu state] there are the Left and Right Wise Kings, Left and Right Luli Kings, Left and Right Generals, Left and Right Commandants, Left and Right Household Administrators and Left and Right Gudu Marquises. The Xiongnu word for "wise" is tuqi, therefore they often refer to the Heir Apparent as the Tuqi King of the Left. Starting from the Wise Kings of the Left and Right, down to the Household Administrators, the most important ones [command] ten thousand horsemen, the least important a few thousand; altogether they are referred to as the twenty-four high dignitaries.
— Records of the Grand Historian
In 125 BC, the Xiongnu raided Chinese provinces in 3 groups, each with 30,000 cavalry. The Western Jükü-Prince, angry that Chinese Court took Ordos and built Shuofang, attacked the borders of China a few times; and when he entered the Ordos, plundered Shuofang, and killed and captured many officials and other people.
In early 124 BC, Wei Qing and four other generals led a force of 100,000, mostly light cavalry, against the Xiongnu. The Tuqi of the Right assumed they would turn back after he retreated, but they did not, and he was surprised at his camp. The Han emerged victorious, capturing ten petty chieftains, 15,000 Xiongnu, and one million livestock.
In early 123 BC, Wei Qing and others led 100,000 cavalry against the Xiongnu, killing and capturing 3,000 north of Dingxiang. However Su Jian and Zhao Xin advanced too far with only 3,000 and were cut down. Zhao Xin defected while Su Jian managed to escape. Zhao Xin was originally a Xiongnu prince who had defected to the Han. He married one of Yizhixie's sisters and became his chief adviser on China. He convinced Yizhixie to move his capital further north of the Gobi Desert in order to avoid Han invasions and to lure them deeper into the steppes.
In 122 BC, a Xiongnu force of 10,000 raided Shanggu.