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York Factory
York Factory is a Canadian National Historic Site that was a settlement and Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) factory (trading post) on the southwestern shore of Hudson Bay in northeastern Manitoba, Canada, at the mouth of the Hayes River, approximately 200 kilometres (120 miles) south-southeast of Churchill.
York Factory was one of the first fur-trading posts established by the HBC, built in 1684 and used in that business for more than 270 years. The settlement was headquarters of the HBC's Northern Department from 1821 to 1873. In 1936, the complex was designated a National Historic Site of Canada.
In 1957, the HBC closed it down. It has been owned by the Canadian government since 1968 and the site is now operated by Parks Canada. No one lives permanently at York Factory; there is a summer residence for Parks Canada staff, and some nearby seasonal hunting camps. The wooden structure at the park site dates from 1831 and is the oldest and largest wooden structure built on permafrost in Canada.
York Factory is on the north bank of the Hayes River, about 11 kilometres (7 miles) inland. The mouth of the Nelson River is to the north, across "Point of Marsh". The Hayes is a more practical canoe route, although the Nelson is much larger, and drains Lake Winnipeg.
Because of the shallow bottom, seagoing ships anchored at Five Fathom Hole, 11 km (7 mi) from the fort. Goods were transferred by smaller boats from the ship to the post. Since the late 20th century, Shamattawa Airport and Gillam Airport have been developed nearby.
From the 17th to the late 19th century, the depot at York Factory and its predecessors were the central base of operations for the Hudson's Bay Company's (HBC) control of the fur trade and other business dealings with the First Nations throughout Rupert's Land. This vast territory comprised the entire watershed of Hudson Bay, and now forms much of Canada.
The first three HBC posts were established on James Bay about 1670. In 1684, Fort Nelson, a fur trading post at the mouth of the Nelson River and the first headquarters of the Hudson's Bay Company, was established.
The company built a second fort, York Factory, on the Hayes River, which was more practical for canoe travel. HBC named it after the Duke of York. The establishment of the forts provoked a response from New France.
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York Factory
York Factory is a Canadian National Historic Site that was a settlement and Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) factory (trading post) on the southwestern shore of Hudson Bay in northeastern Manitoba, Canada, at the mouth of the Hayes River, approximately 200 kilometres (120 miles) south-southeast of Churchill.
York Factory was one of the first fur-trading posts established by the HBC, built in 1684 and used in that business for more than 270 years. The settlement was headquarters of the HBC's Northern Department from 1821 to 1873. In 1936, the complex was designated a National Historic Site of Canada.
In 1957, the HBC closed it down. It has been owned by the Canadian government since 1968 and the site is now operated by Parks Canada. No one lives permanently at York Factory; there is a summer residence for Parks Canada staff, and some nearby seasonal hunting camps. The wooden structure at the park site dates from 1831 and is the oldest and largest wooden structure built on permafrost in Canada.
York Factory is on the north bank of the Hayes River, about 11 kilometres (7 miles) inland. The mouth of the Nelson River is to the north, across "Point of Marsh". The Hayes is a more practical canoe route, although the Nelson is much larger, and drains Lake Winnipeg.
Because of the shallow bottom, seagoing ships anchored at Five Fathom Hole, 11 km (7 mi) from the fort. Goods were transferred by smaller boats from the ship to the post. Since the late 20th century, Shamattawa Airport and Gillam Airport have been developed nearby.
From the 17th to the late 19th century, the depot at York Factory and its predecessors were the central base of operations for the Hudson's Bay Company's (HBC) control of the fur trade and other business dealings with the First Nations throughout Rupert's Land. This vast territory comprised the entire watershed of Hudson Bay, and now forms much of Canada.
The first three HBC posts were established on James Bay about 1670. In 1684, Fort Nelson, a fur trading post at the mouth of the Nelson River and the first headquarters of the Hudson's Bay Company, was established.
The company built a second fort, York Factory, on the Hayes River, which was more practical for canoe travel. HBC named it after the Duke of York. The establishment of the forts provoked a response from New France.
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