Azande people
Azande people
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Azande people

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Azande people

The Azande (also known as Zande, Azandeh, Azende, Bazende) are an ethnic group in Central Africa speaking the Zande languages (whose classification is uncertain). They live in south-eastern Central African Republic, north-eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, as well as south-central and south-western South Sudan. The Congolese Azande live in Bas-Uélé, Haut-Uélé and Tshopo provinces along the Uele River; Isiro, Dungu, Kisangani and Duruma.[citation needed] The Central African Azande live in the districts of Rafaï, Bangasu and Obo.[citation needed] The Azande of South Sudan live in Central, Western Equatoria and Western Bahr al-Ghazal States, Yei, Maridi, Yambio, Tombura, Deim Zubeir, Wau Town and Momoi.[citation needed]

The word Azande means "the people who possess much land", and refers to their history as conquering warriors.

The onomatopoeic name Niam-Niam suggests cannibalism and was sometimes used for the Azande people. It was possibly circulated intentionally to create fear among ethnic groups in the Azande's period of regional conquest. The name shows up on 19th-century maps of Southern Sudan as is now considered pejorative. First used by other tribes in southern Sudan, it was later adopted by Westerners,[citation needed] who frequently used it to refer to the Azande in the 18th and early 19th century.[citation needed] The British Museum website indicates as spelling variants Niam niam, Niam-niam, Nyam nyam, Nyam-nyam, Neam Nam, Neam Neam, Neam-Nam, and Neam-Neam. The Turkish word for cannibal is "yamyam", deriving from this name.

The plant species Impatiens niamniamensis is named after the Azande people.

The Azande were formed by a military conquest during the first half of the 18th century. They were led by two dynasties that differed in origin and political strategy. The Vungara clan created most of the political, linguistic, and cultural parts. A non-Zande dynasty, the Bandia, expanded into northern Zaire and adopted some of the Zande customs. In the early 19th century, the Bandia people ruled over the Vungara and the two groups became the Azande people. They lived in the savannas of what is now the southeastern part of Central African Republic. After the death of a king, the king's sons would fight for succession. The losing son would often establish kingdoms in neighboring regions, making the Azande Kingdom spread eastward and northward. Sudanese raids halted some of northward expansion later in the 19th century. As a consequence of European colonialism in the 19th century, the territory inhabited by the Azande was divided by Belgium, France, and Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.

During his travels in the late 1870s, the Austrian photographer Richard Buchta took photographs of Azande that were used in European publications about Central Africa and constitute an important source of historical documentation.

The Azande are considered to be one of the last ethnic groups to move into the region and were the only group that did not engage in an agro-pastoral lifestyle. The Azande were considered skilled metalworkers in pre-colonial Sudan. Although the Azande did not originate in South Sudan, many other ethnic groups in the region also migrated into the region though the Azande's late arrival has made them the target of some cross-ethnic animosity.

In 2015, conflict between the Azande and the Dinka ethnic group in the city of Yambio, Western Equatoria state led SPLA chief Paul Malong Awan to instruct soldiers to open fire on anyone insubordinate to his directives. Awan implemented plans to soothe the situation in the region as ethnic tensions flared.

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