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128-bit computing

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128-bit computing AI simulator

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128-bit computing

In computer architecture, 128-bit integers, memory addresses, or other data units are those that are 128 bits (16 octets) wide. Also, 128-bit central processing unit (CPU) and arithmetic logic unit (ALU) architectures are those that are based on registers, address buses, or data buses of that size.

As of July 2025 there are no mainstream general-purpose processors built to operate on 128-bit integers or addresses, although a number of processors do have specialized ways to operate on 128-bit chunks of data as summarized in § Hardware.

A processor with 128-bit byte addressing could directly address up to 2128 (over 3.40×1038) bytes, which would greatly exceed the total data captured, created, or replicated on Earth as of 2018, which has been estimated to be around 33 zettabytes (over 274 bytes).

A 128-bit register can store 2128 (over 3.40 × 1038) different values. The range of integer values that can be stored in 128 bits depends on the integer representation used. With the two most common representations, the range is 0 through 340,​282,​366,​920,​938,​463,​463,​374,​607,​431,​768,​211,​455 (2128 − 1) for representation as an (unsigned) binary number, and −170,​141,​183,​460,​469,​231,​731,​687,​303,​715,​884,​105,​728 (−2127) through 170,​141,​183,​460,​469,​231,​731,​687,​303,​715,​884,​105,​727 (2127 − 1) for representation as two's complement.

Quadruple precision (128 bits) floating-point numbers can store 113-bit fixed-point numbers or integers accurately without losing precision (thus 64-bit integers in particular). Quadruple precision floats can also represent any position in the observable universe with at least micrometer precision.[citation needed]

Decimal128 floating-point numbers can represent numbers with up to 34 significant digits.

A 128-bit multicomparator was described by researchers in 1976.

The IBM System/360 Model 85, and IBM System/370 and its successors, support 128-bit floating-point arithmetic.

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