Recent from talks
152 mm 45 caliber Pattern 1892
Knowledge base stats:
Talk channels stats:
Members stats:
152 mm 45 caliber Pattern 1892
The 152mm 45 caliber Pattern 1892 was a Russian naval gun developed in the years before the Russo-Japanese War that armed a variety of warships of the Imperial Russian Navy during the Russo-Japanese War and World War I. Guns salvaged from scrapped ships found a second life on river gunboats of the Soviet Navy during the Russian Civil War and as coastal artillery and railway artillery during World War II. In 1941 it was estimated that there were 196 guns (82 in the Baltic, 70 in the Pacific, 37 in the Black sea and 7 in the Northern fleet) still in use as coastal artillery. After independence in 1917 Finland was estimated to have inherited 100 guns and some remained in use until the 1980s. The last was decommissioned in 2003.
In 1891 a Russian naval delegation was shown three guns designed by the French designer Canet. One was a 75/50 gun caliber gun, one was a 120/45 gun, and the last was a 152/45 gun. All three guns used fixed QF ammunition which produced a rate of fire of 15 rpm for the 75/50 gun, 12 rpm for the 120/45 gun and 10 rpm for the 152/45 gun. The Russians were impressed and in 1892 they negotiated a production license for all three guns. In practice the rate of fire of 10 rpm was hard to achieve due to difficulties with ammunition handling. The practical rate of fire varied by class of ship from a low of 2 rpm in the Petropavlovsk-class battleships, to a high of 7 rpm in single deck mounted guns. In 1901 the fixed ammunition was changed to separate loading QF cased charge and projectile.
There were two main series of the 152/45 guns produced. The first series of guns were constructed of a thick A tube, a 3.2 m (10 ft 6 in) long B tube and jacket. 215 of the first series of guns were built between 1897 and 1901, 181 at the Obhukov factory and 37 at the Perm factory. During the Russo-Japanese war a number of gun barrels burst in action and a strengthened series of 133 guns were produced, 21 at the Obhukov factory and 112 at the Perm factory between 1909 and 1918. The strengthened series of guns had a thinner A tube reinforced with three sections of B tube and a jacket which was 4 m (13 ft 1 in) long.
The 152/45 guns armed the majority of armored cruisers, pre-dreadnought battleships and protected cruisers of the Imperial Russian Navy built between 1890 and 1916.
When Finland became independent in 1917, the northern half of the coastal fortifications belonging to the Imperial Russian Peter the Great's Naval Fortress system protecting St. Petersburg fell in to Finnish hands mostly intact. The coastal guns included about 100 units of the 152 mm 45 caliber Canet gun and this type became the primary coastal gun of its class in Finland. It was given the designation "152/45 C". There was considerable variation between the guns as they included both naval and army coastal gun models from different years. Two different gun mountings were used, with about 70 guns on taller coastal gun mountings while the remaining 30 guns were on lower ship deck mounts with lower maximum elevation and range.
Finnish coastal artillery staff made modifications to the gun mountings during the interwar period. The most significant of these was inverting the gun so that the recuperating springs were on top of the gun, which allowed increasing the maximum elevation and thus the range. Inverting the gun, however, also required strengthening the recuperator, adding a spring equilibrator to correct the changed balance and other changes to the mounting and elevation mechanism. The increased maximum elevation also made it possible to use the gun as an anti-aircraft weapon. To increase maximum range even more the ammunition for the guns was modified by adding a ballistic cap to existing ammunition, which increased the range by a factor of 1.5. Additionally, the Finns changed the gun loading procedure to allow reloading without the need to return the gun to zero elevation after each shot. This practice increased the rate of fire.
During World War II the 152/45 C was the de facto Finnish standard coastal gun with 95 guns in the inventory at the beginning of 1939. During the Winter War coastal batteries equipped with the gun defended against Soviet Navy attacks before the sea froze over. The guns also provided important artillery support for the Finnish army: at both ends of the Mannerheim line there were coastal batteries equipped with 152/45 C guns, and their role was important given the Finnish lack of field artillery. Other coastal batteries in the northern part of Lake Ladoga also supported land battles, and later in the war coastal forts in Gulf of Vyborg and Kotka participated in the fighting. 18 guns were lost during the war, most of them when coastal forts had to be abandoned. 76 guns remained in use after Winter War.
During the Interim Peace Finland began constructing the Salpa Line to fortify the new border, replacing the Mannerheim Line fortifications. The Salpa Line artillery included six 152/45 C guns. In the Continuation War the 152/45 C was involved in the fighting again and several guns were lost to barrel explosions or were simply worn out. Some guns lost in the Winter War were recaptured, bringing the total to 78 pieces in 1943. By 1 May 1944 the number had dropped to 60. During World War II 152/45 C guns were also used as anti-aircraft guns. The guns, designed originally before aircraft had been invented, were not especially effective in this role even after the modifications that had been made. Despite the limitations they were used against enemy bomber formations, especially in the defense of Helsinki and also against fighters. Finland also used 152/45 C guns as railway guns. The first trials with a 152/45 C gun mounted on a railway carriage in Finland were performed in 1924 and the gun was given the designation 152/45 CRaut. Winter War mobilization plans called for a two gun railway battery, but due to equipment problems only a single gun was available for most of the war. In the Continuation War the battery was expanded to four guns. On 21.9.1941 the battery was renamed the 2nd railway battery after the 1st railway battery had been formed from captured Soviet 180 mm railway guns. The battery was disbanded and the guns removed from the railway carriages after the war, but the plans for re-forming it remained in place. In 1962 there were three guns reserved for forming a railway artillery battery.
Hub AI
152 mm 45 caliber Pattern 1892 AI simulator
(@152 mm 45 caliber Pattern 1892_simulator)
152 mm 45 caliber Pattern 1892
The 152mm 45 caliber Pattern 1892 was a Russian naval gun developed in the years before the Russo-Japanese War that armed a variety of warships of the Imperial Russian Navy during the Russo-Japanese War and World War I. Guns salvaged from scrapped ships found a second life on river gunboats of the Soviet Navy during the Russian Civil War and as coastal artillery and railway artillery during World War II. In 1941 it was estimated that there were 196 guns (82 in the Baltic, 70 in the Pacific, 37 in the Black sea and 7 in the Northern fleet) still in use as coastal artillery. After independence in 1917 Finland was estimated to have inherited 100 guns and some remained in use until the 1980s. The last was decommissioned in 2003.
In 1891 a Russian naval delegation was shown three guns designed by the French designer Canet. One was a 75/50 gun caliber gun, one was a 120/45 gun, and the last was a 152/45 gun. All three guns used fixed QF ammunition which produced a rate of fire of 15 rpm for the 75/50 gun, 12 rpm for the 120/45 gun and 10 rpm for the 152/45 gun. The Russians were impressed and in 1892 they negotiated a production license for all three guns. In practice the rate of fire of 10 rpm was hard to achieve due to difficulties with ammunition handling. The practical rate of fire varied by class of ship from a low of 2 rpm in the Petropavlovsk-class battleships, to a high of 7 rpm in single deck mounted guns. In 1901 the fixed ammunition was changed to separate loading QF cased charge and projectile.
There were two main series of the 152/45 guns produced. The first series of guns were constructed of a thick A tube, a 3.2 m (10 ft 6 in) long B tube and jacket. 215 of the first series of guns were built between 1897 and 1901, 181 at the Obhukov factory and 37 at the Perm factory. During the Russo-Japanese war a number of gun barrels burst in action and a strengthened series of 133 guns were produced, 21 at the Obhukov factory and 112 at the Perm factory between 1909 and 1918. The strengthened series of guns had a thinner A tube reinforced with three sections of B tube and a jacket which was 4 m (13 ft 1 in) long.
The 152/45 guns armed the majority of armored cruisers, pre-dreadnought battleships and protected cruisers of the Imperial Russian Navy built between 1890 and 1916.
When Finland became independent in 1917, the northern half of the coastal fortifications belonging to the Imperial Russian Peter the Great's Naval Fortress system protecting St. Petersburg fell in to Finnish hands mostly intact. The coastal guns included about 100 units of the 152 mm 45 caliber Canet gun and this type became the primary coastal gun of its class in Finland. It was given the designation "152/45 C". There was considerable variation between the guns as they included both naval and army coastal gun models from different years. Two different gun mountings were used, with about 70 guns on taller coastal gun mountings while the remaining 30 guns were on lower ship deck mounts with lower maximum elevation and range.
Finnish coastal artillery staff made modifications to the gun mountings during the interwar period. The most significant of these was inverting the gun so that the recuperating springs were on top of the gun, which allowed increasing the maximum elevation and thus the range. Inverting the gun, however, also required strengthening the recuperator, adding a spring equilibrator to correct the changed balance and other changes to the mounting and elevation mechanism. The increased maximum elevation also made it possible to use the gun as an anti-aircraft weapon. To increase maximum range even more the ammunition for the guns was modified by adding a ballistic cap to existing ammunition, which increased the range by a factor of 1.5. Additionally, the Finns changed the gun loading procedure to allow reloading without the need to return the gun to zero elevation after each shot. This practice increased the rate of fire.
During World War II the 152/45 C was the de facto Finnish standard coastal gun with 95 guns in the inventory at the beginning of 1939. During the Winter War coastal batteries equipped with the gun defended against Soviet Navy attacks before the sea froze over. The guns also provided important artillery support for the Finnish army: at both ends of the Mannerheim line there were coastal batteries equipped with 152/45 C guns, and their role was important given the Finnish lack of field artillery. Other coastal batteries in the northern part of Lake Ladoga also supported land battles, and later in the war coastal forts in Gulf of Vyborg and Kotka participated in the fighting. 18 guns were lost during the war, most of them when coastal forts had to be abandoned. 76 guns remained in use after Winter War.
During the Interim Peace Finland began constructing the Salpa Line to fortify the new border, replacing the Mannerheim Line fortifications. The Salpa Line artillery included six 152/45 C guns. In the Continuation War the 152/45 C was involved in the fighting again and several guns were lost to barrel explosions or were simply worn out. Some guns lost in the Winter War were recaptured, bringing the total to 78 pieces in 1943. By 1 May 1944 the number had dropped to 60. During World War II 152/45 C guns were also used as anti-aircraft guns. The guns, designed originally before aircraft had been invented, were not especially effective in this role even after the modifications that had been made. Despite the limitations they were used against enemy bomber formations, especially in the defense of Helsinki and also against fighters. Finland also used 152/45 C guns as railway guns. The first trials with a 152/45 C gun mounted on a railway carriage in Finland were performed in 1924 and the gun was given the designation 152/45 CRaut. Winter War mobilization plans called for a two gun railway battery, but due to equipment problems only a single gun was available for most of the war. In the Continuation War the battery was expanded to four guns. On 21.9.1941 the battery was renamed the 2nd railway battery after the 1st railway battery had been formed from captured Soviet 180 mm railway guns. The battery was disbanded and the guns removed from the railway carriages after the war, but the plans for re-forming it remained in place. In 1962 there were three guns reserved for forming a railway artillery battery.
Recent media