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1934 Turkish Resettlement Law
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1934 Turkish Resettlement Law
The 1934 Resettlement Law (also known as Law no. 2510) was a policy adopted on 14 June 1934 by the Turkish government that set forth the basic principles of migration. Joost Jongerden wrote that the law constituted a policy of forcible assimilation of non-Turkish minorities by forced and collective resettlement.
There were other resettlement policies during the end of the Ottoman Empire. From 1910 onwards, the empire began to establish immigrant commissions that regulated the settlement of the immigrants from the Balkans, who were not allowed to exceed 10% of the local population. Kurds who were resettled from Eastern Anatolia to the west were also split into groups not exceeding 300 people, and tribal leaders were separated from their tribe. Also, Kurds were not to make up more than 5% of the local population in the regions to which they were resettled. A previous settlement law from May 1926 (also known as Law no. 885) regulated the abolition of small villages and the resettlement of their population to central locations. A March 1933 decree also demanded resettlement of the population in mountain areas to central locations.
The Resettlement Law of 1934 was passed by the Turkish National Assembly on 14 June 1934. The law was made public and put into effect after it was published in the Resmi Gazete a week after its promulgation. According to the Interior Minister Şükrü Kaya:
This law will create a country speaking with one language, thinking in the same way and sharing the same sentiment.
The law took into consideration security and political concerns by closing strategic regions of the country to settlement of non-Muslim minorities. Turkish politicians understood that many non-Turks had been resettled on their own into separate villages and so had not assimilated into Turkishness. Those individuals who "spoke alien dialects" had been able to differentiate themselves from the Turkish nation. It was deemed necessity to assess those villages in which such "alien dialects" were spoken and to distribute populations that spoke the "alien dialects" to nearby Turkish villages to force assimilation.
Under Article I of the law, the Minister of Interior was granted the right to govern and redistribute the interior population of the country in accordance with an individual's adherence to Turkish culture. Article 11 was a provision regarding that the resettlement must assure
unity in language, culture and blood.
The settlement zones were divided in three separate zones according to the adherence of Turkish culture in the each particular individual:
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1934 Turkish Resettlement Law
The 1934 Resettlement Law (also known as Law no. 2510) was a policy adopted on 14 June 1934 by the Turkish government that set forth the basic principles of migration. Joost Jongerden wrote that the law constituted a policy of forcible assimilation of non-Turkish minorities by forced and collective resettlement.
There were other resettlement policies during the end of the Ottoman Empire. From 1910 onwards, the empire began to establish immigrant commissions that regulated the settlement of the immigrants from the Balkans, who were not allowed to exceed 10% of the local population. Kurds who were resettled from Eastern Anatolia to the west were also split into groups not exceeding 300 people, and tribal leaders were separated from their tribe. Also, Kurds were not to make up more than 5% of the local population in the regions to which they were resettled. A previous settlement law from May 1926 (also known as Law no. 885) regulated the abolition of small villages and the resettlement of their population to central locations. A March 1933 decree also demanded resettlement of the population in mountain areas to central locations.
The Resettlement Law of 1934 was passed by the Turkish National Assembly on 14 June 1934. The law was made public and put into effect after it was published in the Resmi Gazete a week after its promulgation. According to the Interior Minister Şükrü Kaya:
This law will create a country speaking with one language, thinking in the same way and sharing the same sentiment.
The law took into consideration security and political concerns by closing strategic regions of the country to settlement of non-Muslim minorities. Turkish politicians understood that many non-Turks had been resettled on their own into separate villages and so had not assimilated into Turkishness. Those individuals who "spoke alien dialects" had been able to differentiate themselves from the Turkish nation. It was deemed necessity to assess those villages in which such "alien dialects" were spoken and to distribute populations that spoke the "alien dialects" to nearby Turkish villages to force assimilation.
Under Article I of the law, the Minister of Interior was granted the right to govern and redistribute the interior population of the country in accordance with an individual's adherence to Turkish culture. Article 11 was a provision regarding that the resettlement must assure
unity in language, culture and blood.
The settlement zones were divided in three separate zones according to the adherence of Turkish culture in the each particular individual: