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1st SS Cossack Cavalry Division
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1st SS Cossack Cavalry Division
The 1st Cossack Cavalry Division (German: 1. Kosaken-Kavallerie-Division) was a Cossack division of the German Army that served during World War II. It was created on the Eastern Front mostly with Don Cossacks already serving in the Wehrmacht, those who escaped from the advancing Red Army and Soviet POWs. In 1944, the division was transferred to the Waffen SS, becoming part of the XV SS Cossack Cavalry Corps, established in February 1945. At the end of the war, the unit ceased to exist.
It was one of two cossack cavalry divisions, the other being the 2nd Cossack Cavalry Division.
Adolf Hitler authorised the formation of the division on 6 April 1943, ordering that all Cossacks serving in the Wehrmacht to be concentrated into the division.
The division was formed and trained at Mielau (Mława) in the spring-summer of 1943. The Cossacks brought their wives and children with them, forcing the Germans to establish another camp to house the dependents.
The division was formed starting 4 August 1943 by merging the Platow and von Jungschulz Cossack regiments under the command of the Reiterverband Pannwitz, which had all existed since 1942. To these, additional new regiments were added. Some other units brought in were the Cossack Reconnaissance Battalion, led by Don Cossack Nikolai Nazarenko, the Cossack detachment of 600 led by Ivan Kononov, also a Don Cossack, and a force of Terek Cossacks led by ataman Nikolai Kulakkov of the Terek host.
Many of the German officers were Baltic German émigrés who possessed the necessary knowledge of Russian.
However, owing to a shortage of officers with the necessary Russian language skills, the Wehrmacht was forced to relax its policy against accepting émigré officers, and a number of Cossack émigré officers living in Yugoslavia, France, Germany and the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (modern Czechia) were recruited into the division. Other officers were the sons of Cossack émigrés who had served in the armies of France, Yugoslavia and Bulgaria before the war. A disproportionate number of the German officers were cavalrymen, and Austrians were over-represented as it was felt that Austrians were more "tactful" in dealing with Slavs than the Prussians.
Initially organized to fight the Red Army in southern Russia, the division was soon deployed to the puppet Independent State of Croatia, where they were placed under the command of the Second Panzer Army and were used to protect the railroad line from Austria through Zagreb to Belgrade. Some units were also used to fight Partisans.
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1st SS Cossack Cavalry Division
The 1st Cossack Cavalry Division (German: 1. Kosaken-Kavallerie-Division) was a Cossack division of the German Army that served during World War II. It was created on the Eastern Front mostly with Don Cossacks already serving in the Wehrmacht, those who escaped from the advancing Red Army and Soviet POWs. In 1944, the division was transferred to the Waffen SS, becoming part of the XV SS Cossack Cavalry Corps, established in February 1945. At the end of the war, the unit ceased to exist.
It was one of two cossack cavalry divisions, the other being the 2nd Cossack Cavalry Division.
Adolf Hitler authorised the formation of the division on 6 April 1943, ordering that all Cossacks serving in the Wehrmacht to be concentrated into the division.
The division was formed and trained at Mielau (Mława) in the spring-summer of 1943. The Cossacks brought their wives and children with them, forcing the Germans to establish another camp to house the dependents.
The division was formed starting 4 August 1943 by merging the Platow and von Jungschulz Cossack regiments under the command of the Reiterverband Pannwitz, which had all existed since 1942. To these, additional new regiments were added. Some other units brought in were the Cossack Reconnaissance Battalion, led by Don Cossack Nikolai Nazarenko, the Cossack detachment of 600 led by Ivan Kononov, also a Don Cossack, and a force of Terek Cossacks led by ataman Nikolai Kulakkov of the Terek host.
Many of the German officers were Baltic German émigrés who possessed the necessary knowledge of Russian.
However, owing to a shortage of officers with the necessary Russian language skills, the Wehrmacht was forced to relax its policy against accepting émigré officers, and a number of Cossack émigré officers living in Yugoslavia, France, Germany and the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (modern Czechia) were recruited into the division. Other officers were the sons of Cossack émigrés who had served in the armies of France, Yugoslavia and Bulgaria before the war. A disproportionate number of the German officers were cavalrymen, and Austrians were over-represented as it was felt that Austrians were more "tactful" in dealing with Slavs than the Prussians.
Initially organized to fight the Red Army in southern Russia, the division was soon deployed to the puppet Independent State of Croatia, where they were placed under the command of the Second Panzer Army and were used to protect the railroad line from Austria through Zagreb to Belgrade. Some units were also used to fight Partisans.
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