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88th Guards Rifle Division
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88th Guards Rifle Division
The 88th Guards Rifle Division was reformed as an elite infantry division of the Red Army in April 1943, based on the 1st formation of the 99th Rifle Division, and served in that role until after the end of the Great Patriotic War. It would become one of the most highly decorated rifle divisions of the Red Army.
The 99th had distinguished itself in the fighting around Stalingrad as part of 66th Army but was transferred to 62nd Army near the end of the battle and when that Army became the 8th Guards Army the 88th Guards joined the 28th Guards Rifle Corps and it would serve under these commands for the duration. The division inherited the Order of the Red Banner that the 99th had won in July 1941. The Army failed to penetrate into the Donbas in July, but when the offensive was renewed in August it joined the summer offensive through eastern Ukraine to the Dniepr River. In mid-October the division would win an honorific for its part in the liberation of Zaporozhye. Through the winter it would take part in the battles in the great bend of the Dniepr, now as part of 3rd Ukrainian Front. It soon also won the Order of Suvorov in recognition of its role in the fighting along the Inhulets River and the subsequent exploitation to the west. Following the liberation of Odessa in April 1944 it advanced into the estuary of the Dniestr River but, unable to find a viable crossing, backtracked to the north and then became involved in defensive fighting for a bridgehead south of Grigoriopol. After the Front went over to the defense the 8th Guards Army was transferred to 1st Belorussian Front where it remained for the duration. The 88th Guards earned another decoration for its part in breaking the German defense west of Kovel in the later stage of Operation Bagration and after helping to liberate the city of Lublin entered the bridgehead over the Vistula at Magnuszew in the first days of August.
During the Vistula-Oder Offensive several of the division's regiments and other subunits were recognized with honorifics or decorations for their success in the advance into Poland. In early February the 88th Guards helped to expand a bridgehead over the Oder River near Küstrin and remained in that position until the final offensive on Berlin began in mid-April. The division and its units collected further honors during this offensive and ended the war in the center of the city near the Zoological Garden. The 88th Guards was assigned to occupation duty in the Soviet sector of Germany but was disbanded in early 1947.
At the beginning of March 1943 the 99th Rifle Division was part of 62nd Army in the Reserve of the Supreme High Command en route to the Kupiansk region following the victory at Stalingrad; by April 1 the Army had been assigned to Southwestern Front as it reorganized as the 8th Guards Army. On April 17 the division was redesignated as the 88th Guards; it would receive its Guards banner on May 17. It inherited the Order of the Red Banner won by the 99th on July 22, 1941 in recognition of its role in the border battles near Przemyśl; this was the first decoration awarded to any Red Army unit following the German invasion. The 266th Guards Rifle Regiment also retained the Order of the Red Banner that had been presented to the 1st Rifle Regiment on February 22, 1941 in recognition of the 23rd anniversary of the Red Army. Once the division completed its reorganization its order of battle was as follows:
The division remained under the command of Maj. Gen. Vladimir Yakovlevich Vladimirov, who had commanded the 99th since October 1941. In late April it was assigned to the 28th Guards Rifle Corps along with the 39th and 79th Guards Rifle Divisions; the 88th Guards would remain under this Corps command in the 8th Guards Army for the duration of the war. On May 14 General Vladimirov was made the chief-of-staff of 8th Guards Army and three days later Maj. Gen. Grigorii Ivanovich Vekhin was moved from command of the 152nd Rifle Division to take over the 88th Guards. During early July it was reported that the personnel of the division were roughly 70 percent Russian, with the remaining 30 percent of several Asian nationalities.
On July 17, days after the German offensive at Kursk was suspended, Southwestern Front began an offensive against the German 1st Panzer Army in an effort to force the Severskii Donets River and advance into the Donbas. While the 8th Guards was able to force a crossing and establish a bridgehead it was halted by counterattacks and the effort was suspended on July 27. On the same day Col. Ivan Yesin took over command of the 88th Guards, but he would hold this post only until August 7 when he was replaced by Col. Boris Nikiforovich Pankov. This officer would be promoted to the rank of major general on November 17 and would lead the division, apart from two short breaks, for the duration of the war.
A renewed offensive began on August 13 and although Southwestern Front was initially unable to penetrate the front of 1st Panzer Army south of Izium the Southern Front broke through the recreated 6th Army beginning on August 18. By August 23 1st Panzer was also in trouble with its army corps south of Izium reduced to a combat strength of just 5,800 men and unable to hold a continuous line. On the 31st Field Marshal E. von Manstein was finally authorized to withdraw both armies to the Kalmius River, effectively beginning the race to the Dniepr. In a slashing attack on the morning of September 6 Southwestern Front rammed through a mechanized corps and nine rifle divisions north of the boundary between the two German armies, unhinging the Kalmius line.
During the Battle of the Dniepr, 8th Guards Army closed on the city of Zaporozhye, which had been von Manstein's headquarters in early September. On Hitler's orders 1st Panzer Army held a bridgehead over the river centered on the city. Southwestern Front's first attack on October 1 made minor gains that were soon erased by counterattacks. This led to a week-long pause in operations for regrouping. On the morning of October 10 the 8th and 3rd Guards Armies renewed the offensive against the bridgehead beginning with a very powerful artillery preparation. While the bridgehead line held the casualties on both sides were very heavy and the commander of 1st Panzer Army again requested permission to withdraw, which was refused. A night attack on the 13th, supported by another massive artillery bombardment, compelled the German forces to abandon the city the next day. In recognition of its role in this success, the men and women of the division were awarded the city's name as an honorific:
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88th Guards Rifle Division
The 88th Guards Rifle Division was reformed as an elite infantry division of the Red Army in April 1943, based on the 1st formation of the 99th Rifle Division, and served in that role until after the end of the Great Patriotic War. It would become one of the most highly decorated rifle divisions of the Red Army.
The 99th had distinguished itself in the fighting around Stalingrad as part of 66th Army but was transferred to 62nd Army near the end of the battle and when that Army became the 8th Guards Army the 88th Guards joined the 28th Guards Rifle Corps and it would serve under these commands for the duration. The division inherited the Order of the Red Banner that the 99th had won in July 1941. The Army failed to penetrate into the Donbas in July, but when the offensive was renewed in August it joined the summer offensive through eastern Ukraine to the Dniepr River. In mid-October the division would win an honorific for its part in the liberation of Zaporozhye. Through the winter it would take part in the battles in the great bend of the Dniepr, now as part of 3rd Ukrainian Front. It soon also won the Order of Suvorov in recognition of its role in the fighting along the Inhulets River and the subsequent exploitation to the west. Following the liberation of Odessa in April 1944 it advanced into the estuary of the Dniestr River but, unable to find a viable crossing, backtracked to the north and then became involved in defensive fighting for a bridgehead south of Grigoriopol. After the Front went over to the defense the 8th Guards Army was transferred to 1st Belorussian Front where it remained for the duration. The 88th Guards earned another decoration for its part in breaking the German defense west of Kovel in the later stage of Operation Bagration and after helping to liberate the city of Lublin entered the bridgehead over the Vistula at Magnuszew in the first days of August.
During the Vistula-Oder Offensive several of the division's regiments and other subunits were recognized with honorifics or decorations for their success in the advance into Poland. In early February the 88th Guards helped to expand a bridgehead over the Oder River near Küstrin and remained in that position until the final offensive on Berlin began in mid-April. The division and its units collected further honors during this offensive and ended the war in the center of the city near the Zoological Garden. The 88th Guards was assigned to occupation duty in the Soviet sector of Germany but was disbanded in early 1947.
At the beginning of March 1943 the 99th Rifle Division was part of 62nd Army in the Reserve of the Supreme High Command en route to the Kupiansk region following the victory at Stalingrad; by April 1 the Army had been assigned to Southwestern Front as it reorganized as the 8th Guards Army. On April 17 the division was redesignated as the 88th Guards; it would receive its Guards banner on May 17. It inherited the Order of the Red Banner won by the 99th on July 22, 1941 in recognition of its role in the border battles near Przemyśl; this was the first decoration awarded to any Red Army unit following the German invasion. The 266th Guards Rifle Regiment also retained the Order of the Red Banner that had been presented to the 1st Rifle Regiment on February 22, 1941 in recognition of the 23rd anniversary of the Red Army. Once the division completed its reorganization its order of battle was as follows:
The division remained under the command of Maj. Gen. Vladimir Yakovlevich Vladimirov, who had commanded the 99th since October 1941. In late April it was assigned to the 28th Guards Rifle Corps along with the 39th and 79th Guards Rifle Divisions; the 88th Guards would remain under this Corps command in the 8th Guards Army for the duration of the war. On May 14 General Vladimirov was made the chief-of-staff of 8th Guards Army and three days later Maj. Gen. Grigorii Ivanovich Vekhin was moved from command of the 152nd Rifle Division to take over the 88th Guards. During early July it was reported that the personnel of the division were roughly 70 percent Russian, with the remaining 30 percent of several Asian nationalities.
On July 17, days after the German offensive at Kursk was suspended, Southwestern Front began an offensive against the German 1st Panzer Army in an effort to force the Severskii Donets River and advance into the Donbas. While the 8th Guards was able to force a crossing and establish a bridgehead it was halted by counterattacks and the effort was suspended on July 27. On the same day Col. Ivan Yesin took over command of the 88th Guards, but he would hold this post only until August 7 when he was replaced by Col. Boris Nikiforovich Pankov. This officer would be promoted to the rank of major general on November 17 and would lead the division, apart from two short breaks, for the duration of the war.
A renewed offensive began on August 13 and although Southwestern Front was initially unable to penetrate the front of 1st Panzer Army south of Izium the Southern Front broke through the recreated 6th Army beginning on August 18. By August 23 1st Panzer was also in trouble with its army corps south of Izium reduced to a combat strength of just 5,800 men and unable to hold a continuous line. On the 31st Field Marshal E. von Manstein was finally authorized to withdraw both armies to the Kalmius River, effectively beginning the race to the Dniepr. In a slashing attack on the morning of September 6 Southwestern Front rammed through a mechanized corps and nine rifle divisions north of the boundary between the two German armies, unhinging the Kalmius line.
During the Battle of the Dniepr, 8th Guards Army closed on the city of Zaporozhye, which had been von Manstein's headquarters in early September. On Hitler's orders 1st Panzer Army held a bridgehead over the river centered on the city. Southwestern Front's first attack on October 1 made minor gains that were soon erased by counterattacks. This led to a week-long pause in operations for regrouping. On the morning of October 10 the 8th and 3rd Guards Armies renewed the offensive against the bridgehead beginning with a very powerful artillery preparation. While the bridgehead line held the casualties on both sides were very heavy and the commander of 1st Panzer Army again requested permission to withdraw, which was refused. A night attack on the 13th, supported by another massive artillery bombardment, compelled the German forces to abandon the city the next day. In recognition of its role in this success, the men and women of the division were awarded the city's name as an honorific: