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Abdullah Muhammad Shah II of Perak
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Abdullah Muhammad Shah II of Perak
Sultan Abdullah Muhammad Shah II Ibni Almarhum Sultan Jaafar Safiuddin Muadzam Shah Waliullah (Jawi: سلطان عبد الله محمد شاه ٢ ابن المرحوم سلطان جعفر صفي الدين معظم شاه ولي الله; 21 September 1842 – 22 December 1922) was the 26th Sultan of Perak. He later played a prominent role of adopting the Perak's state anthem, Allah Lanjutkan Usia Sultan which was later used as the national anthem of Malaysia.
In January 1874, Governor of the Straits Settlements, Andrew Clarke arranged for a settlement between the Perak chiefs and Sultan Abdullah to discuss the local succession dispute and the cession of Pangkor and Dindings to Britain. The agreement would give Abdullah a pension in exchange for renouncing his claim to the throne.
Towards the end of the Larut War (1861–1874), the Chinese who took part in the war agreed to keep the peace and accepted a British Resident as an arbiter. From this, Clarke managed to persuade the Menteri, Bendahari and Temenggong of Larut along with the Lower Perak chiefs (who were related to Abdullah) to sign the Pangkor Treaty of 1874.
There was a high level of tension between Abdullah and the first British Resident of Perak, J. W. W. Birch, with the latter calling him "eminently silly and foolish ... an arrant coward". Birch reported to his superiors that Raja Ismail (a rival of Abdullah) was a more legitimate successor as he was more widely acknowledged. Abdullah was also not taken seriously by most chiefs, with his sultanate being considered largely weak, and the man himself being despised by them as a frivolous cuckold.
The new governor William Jervois believed a more formal control of the Malay lands was required, having seen Perak being put under British dominion as inevitable. A decision was made in October 1875 that Abdullah would only be consulted 'whenever possible'.
A superstitious man, he once conducted a seance to discover whether jinns would remove the 'white oppressors'. On another occasion, he ordered the services of a spirit medium to rid him of Birch and other 'light eyed men'.
Abdullah was appointed as the 26th Sultan by the British after the signing of the Pangkor Treaty on 20 January 1874. After this agreement, he was called Sultan Abdullah Muhammad Shah II and stayed at Batak Rabit, Perak. From this treaty, he agreed to the installation of a British Resident. After Clarke left the region, local Perak chiefs held a meeting where they opined that the cession of Dindings and Pangkor would result in the eventual cession of Perak.
From the 1870s, when the British felt their power was secure enough to introduce policies they felt would be unpopular, they actively started to pursue an abolitionist policy against slavery in Malaya. In 1875, the British Resident J.W.W Birch caused a severe conflict after having assisted slave refugees from the royal harem of Abdullah Muhammad Shah II of Perak.
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Abdullah Muhammad Shah II of Perak
Sultan Abdullah Muhammad Shah II Ibni Almarhum Sultan Jaafar Safiuddin Muadzam Shah Waliullah (Jawi: سلطان عبد الله محمد شاه ٢ ابن المرحوم سلطان جعفر صفي الدين معظم شاه ولي الله; 21 September 1842 – 22 December 1922) was the 26th Sultan of Perak. He later played a prominent role of adopting the Perak's state anthem, Allah Lanjutkan Usia Sultan which was later used as the national anthem of Malaysia.
In January 1874, Governor of the Straits Settlements, Andrew Clarke arranged for a settlement between the Perak chiefs and Sultan Abdullah to discuss the local succession dispute and the cession of Pangkor and Dindings to Britain. The agreement would give Abdullah a pension in exchange for renouncing his claim to the throne.
Towards the end of the Larut War (1861–1874), the Chinese who took part in the war agreed to keep the peace and accepted a British Resident as an arbiter. From this, Clarke managed to persuade the Menteri, Bendahari and Temenggong of Larut along with the Lower Perak chiefs (who were related to Abdullah) to sign the Pangkor Treaty of 1874.
There was a high level of tension between Abdullah and the first British Resident of Perak, J. W. W. Birch, with the latter calling him "eminently silly and foolish ... an arrant coward". Birch reported to his superiors that Raja Ismail (a rival of Abdullah) was a more legitimate successor as he was more widely acknowledged. Abdullah was also not taken seriously by most chiefs, with his sultanate being considered largely weak, and the man himself being despised by them as a frivolous cuckold.
The new governor William Jervois believed a more formal control of the Malay lands was required, having seen Perak being put under British dominion as inevitable. A decision was made in October 1875 that Abdullah would only be consulted 'whenever possible'.
A superstitious man, he once conducted a seance to discover whether jinns would remove the 'white oppressors'. On another occasion, he ordered the services of a spirit medium to rid him of Birch and other 'light eyed men'.
Abdullah was appointed as the 26th Sultan by the British after the signing of the Pangkor Treaty on 20 January 1874. After this agreement, he was called Sultan Abdullah Muhammad Shah II and stayed at Batak Rabit, Perak. From this treaty, he agreed to the installation of a British Resident. After Clarke left the region, local Perak chiefs held a meeting where they opined that the cession of Dindings and Pangkor would result in the eventual cession of Perak.
From the 1870s, when the British felt their power was secure enough to introduce policies they felt would be unpopular, they actively started to pursue an abolitionist policy against slavery in Malaya. In 1875, the British Resident J.W.W Birch caused a severe conflict after having assisted slave refugees from the royal harem of Abdullah Muhammad Shah II of Perak.
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