Abkhazian railway (Abkhaz: Аҧсны Аихамҩа; Russian: Абхазская железная дорога) is the state-owned railway company of the partially recognised state of Abkhazia, and managing all infrastructure and operating freight and passenger train services in Abkhazia. Under a monopoly agreement, it is fully managed and partially owned by Russian Railways.

In 2016, 307,748 people traveled between Abkhazia and Russia by rail.

After the dissolution of the Soviet Union and damaging of the Transcaucasian Railway lines, the Samtredskoye part to the west of the Enguri River came under control of the Abkhazian railway. The bridge over the Enguri River was blown up on 14 August 1992, which was the day when Georgian forces entered Abkhazia and is the date considered as the start of the War in Abkhazia. The pretext for sending the Georgian National Guard to Abkhazia in 1992 was to protect the railroad. The bridge was subsequently restored but blown up again in 1993, after the end of the war. The track between Achigvara and the Enguri River was dismantled. The rest of the railway line also suffered greatly during the war. After the war ended, traffic was restored along the line. The railway system of Abkhazia was isolated in the 1990s, due to the blockade imposed by Russia.

On 25 December 2002, the Sochi-Sukhumi elektrichka train made its first run since the war, which led to Georgian protests. Part of the line, 60 kilometers of track between Zugdidi and Ochamchire, had been removed and sold for scrap prior to reopening. As the number of Russian tourists greatly increased in the 2000s, the Psou-Sukhumi section was mainly repaired by Russia in 2004 and on 10 September 2004 the Moscow-Sukhumi train operated by Russian Railways first arrived in the capital of Abkhazia. The Ochamchire-Sukhumi, Sochi-Sukhumi and Tkvarcheli-Sukhumi elektrichkas, that had operated at various times from 1993, no longer operated by 2007 due to various infrastructure problems. The last of the elektrichka, Gudauta-Sukhumi, was closed down on the end of 2007. The Sukhumi-Ochamchire section was restored in 2008 by Russian Railway Troops.

On 15 May 2009, the President of Abkhazia, Sergei Bagapsh, announced, that Abkhazia's railway and airport would be transferred to Russia with management rights for ten years, a decision, which caused a negative outcry in Abkhazia. According to the Abkhaz tycoon and opposition party leader, Beslan Butba, this has led to growing anti-Russian sentiment in Abkhazia. The Adler-Gagra train service was resumed on 26 June 2010 by the Don-Prigorod company.

The railway consists of a 221 km (137 mi), single-track rail line along the Black Sea coast. Built to 1,520 mm (4 ft 11+27⁄32 in) Russian gauge, it connected Russia's North Caucasus Railway with Georgian Railways prior to 1992. This connection was severed as a result of the War in Abkhazia.

Russian Railways restored a 130 km section of the railway in mid-2011 using a 2 billion ruble loan from the Russian government. Regular passenger services from Moscow and Sochi were also restored.

The railway is administered by the Abkhazskaya Zheleznaya Doroga (Russian: Абхазская Железная Дорога, Abkhaz: Аҧсны Аиҳаамҩа) company. As of 2016, there is a daily long-distance train between Moscow and Sukhumi, and some suburban trains between Adler and Gagra.