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Achilles Last Stand
"Achilles Last Stand" is a song by the English rock group Led Zeppelin released as the opening track on their seventh studio album, Presence (1976). Guitarist Jimmy Page and singer Robert Plant began writing the song during the summer of 1975. They were influenced by Eastern music, mythology, and exposure to diverse cultures during their travels. At roughly ten-and-a-half minutes, it is one of the group's longest studio recordings and one of their most complex, with interwoven sections and multiple, overdubbed guitar parts.
The song received mainly positive reviews from music critics, with some comparing "Achilles Last Stand" to other Zeppelin songs such as "Kashmir". The band featured it during concerts from 1977 to 1980, and a 1979 live performance is included on the Led Zeppelin DVD (2003). Page called it his favourite Led Zeppelin song in several interviews, and considers its guitar solo on a par with his "Stairway to Heaven" solo.
After their 1975 US tour and London concerts, Led Zeppelin took a break from performing. In order to remain tax exiles, the group members needed to limit their time in the UK. This is alluded to in the song's opening lines: "It was an April morning when they told us we should go, and as I turned to you, you smiled at me, how could we say no". Jimmy Page and Robert Plant went to Morocco in June 1975, where they developed material for their next album. Page heard local music, which influenced his guitar parts on "Achilles Last Stand". North African and Middle Eastern music had inspired earlier Led Zeppelin songs, such as "Friends", "Four Sticks", "No Quarter", and "Kashmir".
Although "Achilles Last Stand" uses mythological imagery drawn from William Blake's Albion, the Atlas myth and the Greek hero Achilles, its lyrics centre on the group's travels during their exile. The title is an ironic reference to Plant's August 1975 automobile accident, in which he severely injured his ankle, as Achilles was brought down by an arrow to his calcaneal tendon. Plant was unable to walk for a year, and recorded much of Presence in a wheelchair; the working title of "Achilles Last Stand" was "The Wheelchair Song". Group biographer Martin Popoff described Plant's lyrics:
Albion is a Blake reference, but it's also an ancient name for what would become England. The Atlas Mountains, which span Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia, are also referenced, but through a nice twist, the lyric referring directly to Atlas instead, the god who held the earth on his shoulders. Within he [Plant] also relates his travels in Greece, Spain, Montreux, Jersey, and California, as well as what one internalizes from travel.
"Achilles Last Stand" opens with Page's Moroccan-influenced solo guitar arpeggios, which Led Zeppelin biographers have described as haunting and mysterious. Drummer John Bonham and bassist John Paul Jones then establish a driving hard rock rhythm that persists throughout the song. After the long introductory riff is played four times, Plant begins singing. His vocal sections are broken up by brief instrumental passages, and Page adds the first of several overdubbed guitar parts.
At 3:42, the song shifts, and Page plays his first solo. In addition to a change in tempo, the section includes breaks and a switch to 5
4 time, with the rest notated in 4
4 time in the key of E minor with a moderately-fast tempo of 146 beats per minute. When the vocals return, Page adds more guitars. After a brief slide-guitar part, Plant begins an Eastern-influenced scat-style vocal. At 8:25, Page plays a second solo with more overdubbed parts; a minute and a half later, the song winds down with chords echoing the opening.
After extensive rehearsals in Los Angeles, Led Zeppelin went to Munich to record Presence at Musicland Studios. They recorded the basic tracks for "Achilles Last Stand" during early sessions on 12 November 1975. For the first time during a recording, Jones plays an eight-string bass guitar with a pick. He said that it added more mid-range presence during Page's high-register guitar solos; although Page objected at first, he soon recognized the effectiveness of Jones' innovation. Jones also uses a heavy metal gallop, a rhythmic figure in which an eighth note is followed by two sixteenth notes. To balance the sound, a second bass line was recorded; Popoff describes it as "a more traditional bass track, more elliptical and rife with pregnant pauses, simultaneously lying across the gallop and wholly independent of it."
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Achilles Last Stand
"Achilles Last Stand" is a song by the English rock group Led Zeppelin released as the opening track on their seventh studio album, Presence (1976). Guitarist Jimmy Page and singer Robert Plant began writing the song during the summer of 1975. They were influenced by Eastern music, mythology, and exposure to diverse cultures during their travels. At roughly ten-and-a-half minutes, it is one of the group's longest studio recordings and one of their most complex, with interwoven sections and multiple, overdubbed guitar parts.
The song received mainly positive reviews from music critics, with some comparing "Achilles Last Stand" to other Zeppelin songs such as "Kashmir". The band featured it during concerts from 1977 to 1980, and a 1979 live performance is included on the Led Zeppelin DVD (2003). Page called it his favourite Led Zeppelin song in several interviews, and considers its guitar solo on a par with his "Stairway to Heaven" solo.
After their 1975 US tour and London concerts, Led Zeppelin took a break from performing. In order to remain tax exiles, the group members needed to limit their time in the UK. This is alluded to in the song's opening lines: "It was an April morning when they told us we should go, and as I turned to you, you smiled at me, how could we say no". Jimmy Page and Robert Plant went to Morocco in June 1975, where they developed material for their next album. Page heard local music, which influenced his guitar parts on "Achilles Last Stand". North African and Middle Eastern music had inspired earlier Led Zeppelin songs, such as "Friends", "Four Sticks", "No Quarter", and "Kashmir".
Although "Achilles Last Stand" uses mythological imagery drawn from William Blake's Albion, the Atlas myth and the Greek hero Achilles, its lyrics centre on the group's travels during their exile. The title is an ironic reference to Plant's August 1975 automobile accident, in which he severely injured his ankle, as Achilles was brought down by an arrow to his calcaneal tendon. Plant was unable to walk for a year, and recorded much of Presence in a wheelchair; the working title of "Achilles Last Stand" was "The Wheelchair Song". Group biographer Martin Popoff described Plant's lyrics:
Albion is a Blake reference, but it's also an ancient name for what would become England. The Atlas Mountains, which span Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia, are also referenced, but through a nice twist, the lyric referring directly to Atlas instead, the god who held the earth on his shoulders. Within he [Plant] also relates his travels in Greece, Spain, Montreux, Jersey, and California, as well as what one internalizes from travel.
"Achilles Last Stand" opens with Page's Moroccan-influenced solo guitar arpeggios, which Led Zeppelin biographers have described as haunting and mysterious. Drummer John Bonham and bassist John Paul Jones then establish a driving hard rock rhythm that persists throughout the song. After the long introductory riff is played four times, Plant begins singing. His vocal sections are broken up by brief instrumental passages, and Page adds the first of several overdubbed guitar parts.
At 3:42, the song shifts, and Page plays his first solo. In addition to a change in tempo, the section includes breaks and a switch to 5
4 time, with the rest notated in 4
4 time in the key of E minor with a moderately-fast tempo of 146 beats per minute. When the vocals return, Page adds more guitars. After a brief slide-guitar part, Plant begins an Eastern-influenced scat-style vocal. At 8:25, Page plays a second solo with more overdubbed parts; a minute and a half later, the song winds down with chords echoing the opening.
After extensive rehearsals in Los Angeles, Led Zeppelin went to Munich to record Presence at Musicland Studios. They recorded the basic tracks for "Achilles Last Stand" during early sessions on 12 November 1975. For the first time during a recording, Jones plays an eight-string bass guitar with a pick. He said that it added more mid-range presence during Page's high-register guitar solos; although Page objected at first, he soon recognized the effectiveness of Jones' innovation. Jones also uses a heavy metal gallop, a rhythmic figure in which an eighth note is followed by two sixteenth notes. To balance the sound, a second bass line was recorded; Popoff describes it as "a more traditional bass track, more elliptical and rife with pregnant pauses, simultaneously lying across the gallop and wholly independent of it."