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Adam in Islam
Adam (Arabic: آدم, romanized: ʾĀdam), in Islamic theology, is believed to have been the first human being on Earth and the first prophet (Arabic: نبي, nabī) of Islam. Adam's role as the father of the human race is looked upon by Muslims with reverence. Muslims also refer to his wife, Ḥawwāʾ (Arabic: حَوَّاء, Eve), as the "mother of mankind". Muslims see Adam as the first Muslim, as the Quran states that all the Prophets preached the same faith of Islam (Arabic: إسلام, lit. 'submission to God').
According to Islamic belief, Adam was created from the material of the earth and brought to life by God. God placed Adam in a paradisical Garden. After Adam sinned by eating from the forbidden tree (Tree of Immortality) after God forbade him from doing so, paradise was declined to him and he was sent down to live on Earth. The Qiṣaṣ al-Anbiyāʾ (Arabic: قصص الأنبياء, lit. 'Tales of the Prophets') adds that Adam and Ḥawwāʾ, when cast out of paradise, were cast down far apart and eventually met each other at Mount Arafat. Mankind would have learned planting, harvesting, baking, repenting from Adam.
The Quranic story of Adam is seen as both literal as well as an allegory for human relationship towards God. Islam does not necessarily adhere to young Earth creationism, and most Muslims believe that life on Earth predates Adam. Adam does not feature as a prophet or a male human being only, but also encapsulates the idea of an ideal human archetype.
The Qur'an describes Adam in two different scenarios. In the first, Adam is created in heaven and the angels are commanded to prostrate themselves before him by God. In the second scenario, Adam dwells in a paradisical Garden with his wife identified as Ḥawwāʾ in Islamic tradition. The Quran usually mentions God creating Adam from "earth" or "clay" (ṭīn, although one verse suggests "dust" or "dirt" (turāb)) and breathing His own spirit into him, then depicts the angels as doubting the creation of Adam;[Quran 2:30]
When your Lord said to the angels, "I am indeed going to set a viceroy on the earth," they said, "Will You set in it someone who will cause corruption in it and shed blood, while we celebrate Your praise and proclaim Your sanctity?" He said, "Indeed, I know what you do not know."
The Quranic narrative continues that God "taught Adam the Names, all of them," and that Adam presented the names to the angels,[Quran 2:31] God then commands the angels to bow down to Adam, but Iblis refuses, saying that he is better than Adam because he was created from fire and Adam from clay.
The creation of Eve is not specified in the Quran, but several verses imply the traditional Genesis account by stating "created you [humanity] from a single soul, and created its mate from it".[Quran 4:1] In the Quran, God then tells Adam and his unnamed wife to live in paradise but not to approach a certain tree, which Satan calls the "tree of immortality". In the story of the Garden, God tells Adam and Ḥawwāʾ that they are not allowed to consume the fruit of the "tree of immortality" (which Islamic tradition identifies with wheat). By promising immortality and "a kingdom that never decays", the Iblis (later equated with the Arabic: شَيْطَان, romanized: šayṭān) convinced them to taste it nonetheless: "He said, "Your Lord has forbidden this tree to you only to prevent you from becoming angels or immortals."" (7:21) Whereupon Adam and his wife are sent to earth, condemned to "live and die", but God is willing to forgive them.
Since God has forgiven Adam's transgression, humans are not viewed as inherently sinful or in need of redemption. Instead, Adam (or humanity) is viewed as being created from a relationship to God through learning and development. The story of Adam's creation evokes the idea of Adam as the "Primordial Man" to whom the angels need to prostrate themselves as a sign of respect. In a comment on Tafsir al-Baydawi, Gibril Haddad explains "he is also an archetype for the Attributes of Allah Most High such as His life, knowledge and power, although an incomplete one." All angels bowed down, except Iblis (Arabic: إِبْلِيسْ, romanized: Iblīs), and he is cast down from heaven and becomes the enemy of Adam and his offspring.
Adam in Islam
Adam (Arabic: آدم, romanized: ʾĀdam), in Islamic theology, is believed to have been the first human being on Earth and the first prophet (Arabic: نبي, nabī) of Islam. Adam's role as the father of the human race is looked upon by Muslims with reverence. Muslims also refer to his wife, Ḥawwāʾ (Arabic: حَوَّاء, Eve), as the "mother of mankind". Muslims see Adam as the first Muslim, as the Quran states that all the Prophets preached the same faith of Islam (Arabic: إسلام, lit. 'submission to God').
According to Islamic belief, Adam was created from the material of the earth and brought to life by God. God placed Adam in a paradisical Garden. After Adam sinned by eating from the forbidden tree (Tree of Immortality) after God forbade him from doing so, paradise was declined to him and he was sent down to live on Earth. The Qiṣaṣ al-Anbiyāʾ (Arabic: قصص الأنبياء, lit. 'Tales of the Prophets') adds that Adam and Ḥawwāʾ, when cast out of paradise, were cast down far apart and eventually met each other at Mount Arafat. Mankind would have learned planting, harvesting, baking, repenting from Adam.
The Quranic story of Adam is seen as both literal as well as an allegory for human relationship towards God. Islam does not necessarily adhere to young Earth creationism, and most Muslims believe that life on Earth predates Adam. Adam does not feature as a prophet or a male human being only, but also encapsulates the idea of an ideal human archetype.
The Qur'an describes Adam in two different scenarios. In the first, Adam is created in heaven and the angels are commanded to prostrate themselves before him by God. In the second scenario, Adam dwells in a paradisical Garden with his wife identified as Ḥawwāʾ in Islamic tradition. The Quran usually mentions God creating Adam from "earth" or "clay" (ṭīn, although one verse suggests "dust" or "dirt" (turāb)) and breathing His own spirit into him, then depicts the angels as doubting the creation of Adam;[Quran 2:30]
When your Lord said to the angels, "I am indeed going to set a viceroy on the earth," they said, "Will You set in it someone who will cause corruption in it and shed blood, while we celebrate Your praise and proclaim Your sanctity?" He said, "Indeed, I know what you do not know."
The Quranic narrative continues that God "taught Adam the Names, all of them," and that Adam presented the names to the angels,[Quran 2:31] God then commands the angels to bow down to Adam, but Iblis refuses, saying that he is better than Adam because he was created from fire and Adam from clay.
The creation of Eve is not specified in the Quran, but several verses imply the traditional Genesis account by stating "created you [humanity] from a single soul, and created its mate from it".[Quran 4:1] In the Quran, God then tells Adam and his unnamed wife to live in paradise but not to approach a certain tree, which Satan calls the "tree of immortality". In the story of the Garden, God tells Adam and Ḥawwāʾ that they are not allowed to consume the fruit of the "tree of immortality" (which Islamic tradition identifies with wheat). By promising immortality and "a kingdom that never decays", the Iblis (later equated with the Arabic: شَيْطَان, romanized: šayṭān) convinced them to taste it nonetheless: "He said, "Your Lord has forbidden this tree to you only to prevent you from becoming angels or immortals."" (7:21) Whereupon Adam and his wife are sent to earth, condemned to "live and die", but God is willing to forgive them.
Since God has forgiven Adam's transgression, humans are not viewed as inherently sinful or in need of redemption. Instead, Adam (or humanity) is viewed as being created from a relationship to God through learning and development. The story of Adam's creation evokes the idea of Adam as the "Primordial Man" to whom the angels need to prostrate themselves as a sign of respect. In a comment on Tafsir al-Baydawi, Gibril Haddad explains "he is also an archetype for the Attributes of Allah Most High such as His life, knowledge and power, although an incomplete one." All angels bowed down, except Iblis (Arabic: إِبْلِيسْ, romanized: Iblīs), and he is cast down from heaven and becomes the enemy of Adam and his offspring.
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