Afro-Emiratis
Afro-Emiratis
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Afro-Emiratis

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Afro-Emiratis

Afro-Emiratis (Standard Arabic: الإماراتيون الأفارقة; Emirati Arabic: الإماراتيين الأفارقة), also known as African Emiratis and Black Emiratis, are Emiratis of full or partial Black African and Afro-Arab descent. They are mostly concentrated in the Northern Emirates. Despite their minority status within the broader Emirati population, they have a significant historical presence and cultural contribution, especially in sports and music.

Their ancestry can be traced back to individuals who were historically involved in trade and cultural exchanges between the Arabian Peninsula, Iran, and various regions of Africa. These populations include individuals who were brought to the region as slaves during the Indian Ocean slave trade era, as well as those who migrated to the UAE for trade, employment, or other purposes.

The history of Afro-Emiratis dates back centuries, with evidence of trade and cultural interactions between the Arabian Peninsula and Africa existing since ancient times. Most Afro-Emiratis trace their roots to Zanzibari, East African, and Southern African slaves who were brought to the region during the Indian Ocean slave trade era. The UAE's proximity to the Omani, British, and Portuguese Empires and its involvement in maritime trade routes as well as the pearl diving industry played a significant role in shaping the presence of individuals of African descent in the region.

The period of decolonization between World War II and the 1970s brought significant changes, particularly regarding nationality laws. While some residents were incorporated as citizens, others found themselves marginalized due to perceived bloodlines that didn't fit into the imagined "national" communities of the newly formed states. Migration from Zanzibar to the UAE, notably Dubai and Abu Dhabi, saw a significant influx of Zanzibaris in 1964 following the Zanzibar Revolution. However, challenges arose in proving Arab lineage to be recognized as citizens, with some needing to trace their genealogies to specific Arab tribes. The categorization of Zanzibaris as Arabs was contested, with differing perspectives from British authorities, UNHCR, Abu Dhabi, and Dubai, impacting where they could reside and what rights they could have.

British authorities in the 1960s grappled with conflicting policies regarding Zanzibaris, oscillating between categorizing them as "people of the Gulf," beyond their jurisdiction, and as "foreigners," subject to British control. This ambiguity stemmed from concerns over pan-Arabism, prompting the British government to tighten controls on "illegal migration" through stricter residency permit and visa systems. However, Zanzibari's presence in Dubai and Abu Dhabi often challenged these regulations, leading to tensions during events like the "Middle East War" in the late 1960s, where demonstrations erupted, unsettling British advisors and local governments.

In 1969, amidst discussions of unification of the seven emirates, the Trucial Council considered including "Arabs of Omani origin" with tenure in the Emirates on the list of persons automatically recognized as citizens. However, this expansive inclusion was removed from the final version of the law. Meanwhile, Dubai Ruler Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum attempted to integrate minorities by recognizing them as Arabs, mirroring efforts in the early 1970s by Sultan Qaboos to facilitate the integration of Zanzibaris.

However, Abu Dhabi's approach to citizenship was more stringent, focusing on Arab genealogy. Zanzibaris faced hurdles in gaining federal recognition of their citizenship claims, particularly from Abu Dhabi. Records from the Dubai Ruler's Court reveal efforts to document minorities as Arabs showing attempts to integrate Zanzibaris. Yet, Zanzibaris encountered challenges in obtaining citizenship uniformly across the UAE.

The Zanzibar Association, established in Dubai in 1964-65, aimed to represent Zanzibari interests and advance their inclusion in Dubai. Identity cards issued by the association were significant, granting Zanzibaris privileges not readily available to other migrants. However, bureaucratic processes and the issuance of Comoros passports reshaped their identity, distancing them from full incorporation into Emirati society.

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