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Agathis australis
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Agathis australis
Agathis australis, commonly known as kauri, is a species of coniferous tree in the family Araucariaceae, most commonly found north of 38°S in the northern regions of New Zealand's North Island.
It is the largest (by volume) but not tallest species of tree in New Zealand, standing up to 50 metres (160 ft) tall in the emergent layer above the forest's main canopy. The tree has smooth bark and small narrow leaves. Other common names to distinguish A. australis from other members of Agathis are southern kauri and New Zealand kauri.
With its podsolization capability and regeneration pattern it can compete with faster growing angiosperms. Because it is such a conspicuous species, forest containing kauri is generally known as kauri forest, although kauri need not be the most abundant tree. In the warmer northern climate, kauri forests have a higher species richness than those found further south. Kauri even act as a foundation species that modify the soil under their canopy to create unique plant communities.
Scottish botanist David Don described the species as Dammara australis. The genus name Agathis is derived from Greek and means 'ball of twine', a reference to the shape of the male cones, which are also known by the botanical term strobili. The specific epithet australis translates in English to 'southern', and was used to distinguish the species from the other members of Agathis, which are typically found in more northern tropical areas.
The Māori name is descended from Proto-Polynesian *kauquli, a name used to describe various dark-coloured trees in Polynesian languages, including Samoan ebony, or Diospyros samoensis.
The young plant grows straight upwards and has the form of a narrow cone with branches going out along the length of the trunk. However, as it gains in height, the lowest branches are shed, preventing vines from climbing. By maturity, the top branches form an imposing crown that stands out over all other native trees, dominating the forest canopy.
The flaking bark of the kauri tree defends it from parasitic plants, and accumulates around the base of the trunk. On large trees it may pile up to a height of 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) or more. Kauri often form small clumps or patches scattered through mixed forests.
Kauri leaves are 3–7 centimetres (1.2–2.8 in) long and 1 centimetre (0.39 in) broad, tough and leathery in texture, with no midrib; they are arranged in opposite pairs or whorls of three on the stem. The seed cones are globose, 5–7 centimetres (2.0–2.8 in) diameter, and mature 18 to 20 months after pollination; the seed cones disintegrate at maturity to release winged seeds, which are then dispersed by the wind. A single tree produces both male and female seed cones. Fertilisation of the seeds occurs by pollination, which may be driven by the same or another tree's pollen.
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Agathis australis
Agathis australis, commonly known as kauri, is a species of coniferous tree in the family Araucariaceae, most commonly found north of 38°S in the northern regions of New Zealand's North Island.
It is the largest (by volume) but not tallest species of tree in New Zealand, standing up to 50 metres (160 ft) tall in the emergent layer above the forest's main canopy. The tree has smooth bark and small narrow leaves. Other common names to distinguish A. australis from other members of Agathis are southern kauri and New Zealand kauri.
With its podsolization capability and regeneration pattern it can compete with faster growing angiosperms. Because it is such a conspicuous species, forest containing kauri is generally known as kauri forest, although kauri need not be the most abundant tree. In the warmer northern climate, kauri forests have a higher species richness than those found further south. Kauri even act as a foundation species that modify the soil under their canopy to create unique plant communities.
Scottish botanist David Don described the species as Dammara australis. The genus name Agathis is derived from Greek and means 'ball of twine', a reference to the shape of the male cones, which are also known by the botanical term strobili. The specific epithet australis translates in English to 'southern', and was used to distinguish the species from the other members of Agathis, which are typically found in more northern tropical areas.
The Māori name is descended from Proto-Polynesian *kauquli, a name used to describe various dark-coloured trees in Polynesian languages, including Samoan ebony, or Diospyros samoensis.
The young plant grows straight upwards and has the form of a narrow cone with branches going out along the length of the trunk. However, as it gains in height, the lowest branches are shed, preventing vines from climbing. By maturity, the top branches form an imposing crown that stands out over all other native trees, dominating the forest canopy.
The flaking bark of the kauri tree defends it from parasitic plants, and accumulates around the base of the trunk. On large trees it may pile up to a height of 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) or more. Kauri often form small clumps or patches scattered through mixed forests.
Kauri leaves are 3–7 centimetres (1.2–2.8 in) long and 1 centimetre (0.39 in) broad, tough and leathery in texture, with no midrib; they are arranged in opposite pairs or whorls of three on the stem. The seed cones are globose, 5–7 centimetres (2.0–2.8 in) diameter, and mature 18 to 20 months after pollination; the seed cones disintegrate at maturity to release winged seeds, which are then dispersed by the wind. A single tree produces both male and female seed cones. Fertilisation of the seeds occurs by pollination, which may be driven by the same or another tree's pollen.
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