Giovanni Battista Agostino Codazzi (Italian: [aɡoˈstiːno koˈdattsi]; 12 July 1793 – 7 February 1859), alternatively known in Latin America as Juan Bautista Agustín Codazzi (Latin American Spanish: [aɣusˈtiŋ koˈðasi]), was an Italo-Venezuelan soldier, scientist, geographer, cartographer, and governor of Barinas (1846–1847). He made his main investigations and cartographic work in Venezuela and Colombia, thereby creating for both countries a complete set of maps and statistics after the tumultuous years following independence from the Spanish Empire (see Venezuelan War of Independence and Colombian War of Independence).

Famous geographer and cartographer born in Lugo, Ravenna (Italy), arrived in South America in the 1810s and fought under the corsair Aury, claiming the independence of Florida. Attracted to the ideals of South American freedom, after obtaining the friendship of Bolivar and other generals, enrolled in the "Libertador" Army, where—thanks to his military expertise obtained in Italian academies—he behaved as excellent artillery official (colonel). After the independence wars, he left the military service and dedicated to what he liked most, the geographical & cartographical investigation, doing his most renowned masterpiece: "The Geography and Atlas of the Venezuelan Provinces" (Célebre geógrafo y cartógrafo nacido en Lugo, Ferrara, llegó a Sudamérica avanzado ya el siglo XIX y combatió a las órdenes del célebre corsario Aury, reclamando con éste la Independencia de La Florida. Cautivado por los ideales de la emancipación sudamericana, al ganarse la amistad y consideración de Simón Bolívar y otros generales patriotas se incorporó al ejército del Libertador, en cuyas filas, gracias a la preparación militar adquirida en academias italianas, tuvo destacada actuación como hábil artillero, y detentó el grado de coronel. Finalizada la lucha por la Independencia, dejaría de lado su actividad bélica para dedicarse a lo que realmente le apasionaba, la investigación geográfica y cartográfica, y llevaría a cabo su singular obra: la geografía y el atlas de las provincias venezolanas).

Codazzi was born in the Italian city of Lugo, then in the Papal States and a few years later part of the Cisalpine Republic. From a young age, he appreciated the ideals of the French Revolution and, after his studies at the military academy Scuola di Artiglieria (Artillery School) of Pavia, actively served in the Napoleonic Army.

With the defeat of Napoleon at Waterloo in 1815, Codazzi moved away from Italy and after some travels went to Venezuela, where he offered his military knowledge to Simón Bolívar and his army.

Successively he received the task of mapping the area of the Maracaibo Lake and the borders between Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador. The Venezuelan government named him Colonel and ordered the creation of an Atlas of Venezuela, a task that gave him international fame – in Paris, Codazzi was awarded in 1842 the Legion of Honor by the King of France Louis Philippe I, on behalf of the French Academy of Sciences.

Codazzi meanwhile took the Venezuelan citizenship from president José Antonio Páez and became Governor of Barinas, a region of southwestern Venezuela. In those years his academic activity of geographer was continuously interrupted by his duties as a military commander, suffocating many revolts.

Codazzi even promoted the creation in the 1840s of the Colonia Tovar, a small German settlement in the Venezuelan central mountains that still exists today and has become one of the main tourist attractions near Maracay.

With the fall of Páez, after a military insurrection, Codazzi was forced to escape to Cúcuta (Colombia), where he continued his geographic and mapping activity with military duties for the Colombian government.