Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Volta was born in Como, Lombardy (then part of the Duchy of Milan under Austrian rule). He came from a noble family, though not particularly wealthy. His father, Filippo Volta, was of noble lineage and served various administrative roles. His mother, Maddalena dei Conti Inzaghi, also came from a noble family.

Volta's early childhood was marked by a period of silence. He did not speak until the age of four, causing some concern among his family. He was initially raised by an aunt, as was a common practice at the time, before returning to his parents' care.

Volta began his formal education at a Jesuit school in Como. The curriculum emphasized classical studies, religion, and philosophy, providing a foundation for his later intellectual pursuits. However, Volta would ultimately abandon the path of becoming a priest.

After his time at the Jesuit school, Volta continued his education in Como. He displayed a growing interest in natural philosophy and scientific subjects, despite the discouragement of some who favored a more traditional, legal career for him. He avidly read scientific texts and corresponded with scholars, developing his independent scientific thinking.