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Ali Parvin (Persian: علی پروين; born 12 October 1946[4][1]) is a retired Iranian football player and coach. He is among the most prominent Iranian footballers. He played for the Iran national football team. During his career, he played as an attacking midfielder or forward, and was associated mainly with Persepolis, playing for the team for eighteen years, managing the club on three occasions, for a combined total of for seventeen years, and also serving as the club's president.

Key Information

He was selected as one of the seventeen Asian football elites by AFC and received a statue from this confederation.[5] He was named as one of the members of Persepolis Hall of Fame and the club thanked him for his great performance during his senior career at Persepolis. The club gave him a statue of his face and named him one of the twelve great players of Persepolis in the 1970s.[6][7][8][9]

Playing career

[edit]
Parvin in the 1970s
Parvin as captain of the Iran national football team in a match against Saudi Arabia

Club career

[edit]

He was discovered whilst playing street football with the neighborhood club Aref. After being scouted, he joined Alborz FC, the reserve team of Kayan FC, where he would be called up quickly. Eventually, he made his way to Paykan F.C.[5][10] and was one of the star players in the team in its short run in Iranian football. He moved to Persepolis FC[10] as many other Paykan players did after the club was dissolved in 1970. After the Iranian Revolution and during the Iran–Iraq War, Parvin was instrumental in helping the Persepolis club survive. By the end of his playing career, he operated in a player/manager position. He retired from competitive football in 1988.[citation needed]

International career

[edit]

He played for the Iran national football team and was part of the Iranian Asian Cup winning squads of 1972 and 1976.

Parvin participated in the 1972 Munich Olympics and played in all three of Iran's matches.[1][11] He also participated at the 1976 Montreal Olympics, again playing in all three of Iran's matches. He scored in the group game against Poland.[1][12]

He retired from international football after Iran exited the 1978 World Cup in Argentina, accumulating 76 caps and 11 goals.[13]

International goals

[edit]

Career statistics

[edit]

International goals

[edit]
# Date Venue Opponent Score Result Competition
1. 1 January 1972 Panathinaikos Stadium, Athens, Greece  Kuwait 2–0 Win 1972 Olympic Games Qual.
2. 1 February 1972 Panathinaikos Stadium, Athens, Greece  Kuwait 2–0 Win 1972 Olympic Games Qual.
3. 6 May 1973 Amjadiyeh Stadium, Tehran, Iran  Kuwait 2–1 Win 1974 FIFA World Cup Qual.
4. 3 September 1974 Aryamehr Stadium, Tehran, Iran  Pakistan 7–0 Win 1974 Asian Games
5. 3 September 1974 Aryamehr Stadium, Tehran, Iran  Pakistan 7–0 Win 1974 Asian Games
6. 9 September 1974 Aryamehr Stadium, Tehran, Iran  Malaysia 1–0 Win 1974 Asian Games
7. 20 August 1975 Amjadiyeh Stadium, Tehran, Iran  Bahrain 3–0 Win 1976 Olympic Games Qual.
8. 13 June 1976 Aryamehr Stadium, Tehran, Iran  Kuwait 1–0 Win 1976 AFC Asian Cup
9. 22 July 1976 Olympic Stadium, Montreal, Canada  Poland 3–2 Loss 1976 Olympic Games
10. 28 January 1977 Abbasiyyin Stadium, Damascus, Syria  Syria 0–1 Win 1978 FIFA World Cup Qual.
11. 26 April 1978 Aryamehr Stadium, Tehran, Iran  Bulgaria 1–1 Draw Friendly
Correct as of 24 November 2018[14]

Managerial career

[edit]

In late 1989 Parvin became the Iranian national team manager. He had already gained experience managing Tehran powerhouse Persepolis FC. At first his popularity grew even more as the team won the 1990 Asian Games football gold medal, but early elimination from the 1992 Asian Cup and failure to qualify for World Cup 1994 cost him his job. He was fired in 1993 and replaced by Stanko Poklepovic.

He later became the manager of Persepolis FC and helped the team to several league titles. He left the team briefly in the 2003–04 season but returned the year after as the technical director of the team. After a poor start for Persepolis in the 2005–06 season, he again became the manager, only to leave at the end of the season due to the club's poor form.

Statistics

[edit]
Nat Team From To Record
G W D L Win %
Iran Persepolis February 1982 November 1993 317 200 99 18 063.09
Iran Iran November 1989 October 1993 34 15 11 8 044.12
Iran Persepolis September 1998 June 2003 130 71 45 14 054.62
Total 501 291 165 45 058.08

List of seasons

[edit]
Champions Runners-up Third / SF Unfinished
Season Club Domestic International Trophies
League TPL Cup THC TSC ACL ACW
1981–82 Persepolis RU W 1
1982–83 W 1
1983–84 RU 0
1984–85 0
1985–86 5th 0
1986–87 W R16 W 2
1987–88 W W 2
1988–89 W SF QR 1
1989–90 RU W 1
1990–91 W SF W 2
1991–92 3rd RU W 1
1992–93 RU RU 0
1993–94 none
1994–95
1995–96
1996–97
1997–98
1998–99 Persepolis W W 2
1999–00 W 3rd 1
2000–01 RU R16 3rd 0
2001–02 W QF 1
2002–03 RU R16 GS 0
2003–04 none
2004–05
2005–06 Persepolis 9th R 0

Administrative roles

[edit]
Parvin (in center) watching Iran national team's match against Qatar in 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification

On 30 April 2007, Ali Parvin led the takeover of Azadegan League club Ekbatan, which was renamed Steel Azin. He also became one of the members of the board of directors.[15] He was elected as Chairman of Steel Azin on 1 December 2010 but resigned after the team was Relegated to the Azadegan League on 15 June 2011. He was also acting chairman of Persepolis from May to October 2001. As of 19 September 2011, Ali Parvin is one of the members of the board of directors of Persepolis, serving for the second time. On 22 January 2014, and after the resignation of Mohammad Rouyanian as the club's chairman, Parvin was appointed as the club's interim chairman.[16]

Honours

[edit]

As a player

[edit]

Club

[edit]
Paykan
Persepolis

International

[edit]

Individual

[edit]

As a manager

[edit]
Persepolis
Iran

Individual

[edit]

He was selected as one of the seventeen Asian football elites by the AFC and received a statute from this confederation.[5] He was named as one of the members of Persepolis Hall of Fame and the club thanked him for his great performance during his senior career at Persepolis. The club gave him a statue of his face and named him one of the twelve great players of Persepolis in the 1970s.[6][7][8][9]

Personal life

[edit]

Parvin married in 1976. He has two daughters and one son. His son, Mohammad Parvin is a former footballer who played for Persepolis and Paykan. He, along with his wife and the family of his children, lives in a house that he built in the Lavasan area near Tehran.[18]

References

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Ali Parvin

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
Ali Parvin (born 12 October 1946) is a retired Iranian professional footballer and coach, widely regarded as one of the most prominent figures in the country's football history due to his extensive career with and the national team. Nicknamed "Soltan" (The King), he primarily played as an attacking midfielder, amassing 76 international caps and 13 goals for Iran between 1970 and 1980, including participation in the . As a player, Parvin contributed to Iran's victories in the and the gold medal, while with from 1970 to 1988, he helped secure five league titles and one Tehran Clubs League championship. Transitioning to coaching, he managed across five stints totaling 17 years and led the national team from 1989 to 1993, winning three top-flight league titles, three Hazfi Cups, and the gold with . His contributions earned him recognition as one of 17 Asian football elites by the AFC and, in a 2016 poll with over 1.6 million votes, the title of best Iranian coach since the 1979 Islamic Revolution. Parvin's playing career began in Tehran's streets with neighborhood club Aref before progressing through FC and , where he won the 1969/70 league title, prior to joining in 1970 following Paykan's dissolution. At , he became a club legend, captaining the team and featuring in 18 seasons that solidified his status among the 12 greatest players of the 1970s. Internationally, his debut came on 1 September 1970 against , and he played a pivotal role in Iran's golden era. As a coach, Parvin's tenure with Persepolis spanned from 1982 to 2014 intermittently, achieving domestic dominance with league wins in 1998/99, 1999/00, and 2001/02, alongside Hazfi Cup triumphs in 1987/88, 1991/92, and 1998/99. His national team stint included qualifying Iran for the 1992 AFC Asian Cup and securing the Asian Games title, though it ended amid political tensions. Later roles with Steel Azin FC (2007–2008, 2010–2011) were shorter, but his legacy endures as a symbol of Iranian football excellence, including administrative leadership at Persepolis.

Biography

Early life

Ali Parvin was born on 12 October 1946 in , , into a family of ten members, as the sixth child. His family resided in the bustling Bazar district, specifically in Kooche Ghariban. These economic hardships limited his access to formal , yet the vibrant, crowded streets of Tehran's Bazar neighborhood ignited his lifelong passion for football, providing an informal playground for his budding skills. From a young age, Parvin immersed himself in street football, honing his abilities in the narrow alleys near his home. He represented the local neighborhood club Aref in these impromptu games, where his exceptional talent caught the attention of scouts observing the youthful matches. This involvement marked the beginning of his structured engagement with the sport, leading to his participation in youth teams during the mid-1960s, amid Tehran's evolving urban football scene. The poverty-stricken environment not only constrained opportunities but also fueled his determination, transforming casual play into a focused pursuit that defined his formative years up to age 19. His father was named Haj .

Personal life

Ali Parvin married in 1976. The couple has three children: two daughters and a son named Mohammad Parvin, who pursued a professional football career as a winger, playing for clubs including and earning one cap for the national team before retiring in 2014. Following his final coaching stint in , Parvin has maintained a low-profile lifestyle, residing in a house he built in the area near alongside his wife and extended family. He engages minimally with modern technology, keeping his on silent during evenings and mornings, and relies on others to manage his presence. His daily routine includes watching Iranian serials such as Anam and Hest o Nist, occasional cinema outings at his daughter's urging, and listening to select traditional music like songs by Abbas Gaderi on the radio; he does not read books and avoids frequent social engagements. In January 2018, Parvin was hospitalized due to high and , requiring monitoring and tests before his discharge a few days later.

Playing career

Club career

Parvin began his professional football career with Kian FC in in 1965, where he made his debut as a teenager and honed his skills in the competitive local leagues, marking the start of his development as a promising . After three seasons with Kian, he transferred to in 1968, quickly emerging as a key player and contributing to the club's victory in the 1969/70 Tehran Province League. In 1970, following Paykan's dissolution, Parvin joined alongside several former teammates, beginning an 18-year association with the club that defined his playing career. He assumed the captaincy in 1975, providing strong leadership during a successful era for the team, which included four Iranian Football League titles and three Hazfi Cup triumphs under his tenure. Additionally, Persepolis secured five League titles across Parvin's stints with his two main clubs, highlighting his role in domestic dominance. Parvin retired from playing in 1988 after helping Persepolis win the Tehran league that season. As an attacking , Parvin was recognized for his tenacity on the pitch, excellent vision, and precise passing, qualities that made him a creative force in and a pivotal figure in Persepolis's team dynamics.

International career

Ali Parvin made his debut for the on September 1, 1970, in a 7-0 victory against during the qualifiers. Over the course of his international career, which spanned from 1970 to 1980, he earned 76 caps and scored 13 goals, establishing himself as a pivotal figure in Iran's during the nation's golden era of Asian football. He contributed to Iran's gold medal at the . Parvin was a key member of the squads that won the in 1972 and 1976, contributing to 's consecutive triumphs and dominance in continental competitions. He also represented at the 1972 Olympics, where the team advanced to the quarter-finals after notable wins including a 1-0 upset over , and at the 1976 Olympics, reaching the same stage with victories such as 1-0 against . Parvin featured in 's squad at the , the country's only appearance in the tournament to date. As an attacking and right winger, Parvin provided leadership and creative playmaking, often dictating the tempo in midfield and supporting 's fluid, possession-based style that characterized their Asian supremacy in the 1970s. His final international appearance came on March 12, 1980, in a 4-0 win over , after which Parvin retired from national duty at age 33, citing advancing age and a desire to concentrate on his club commitments with amid the post-revolutionary changes in Iranian football.

Career statistics

Club statistics

Ali Parvin's club statistics highlight his prolific output primarily with , though comprehensive records for his early career with Kian Tehran FC and remain limited and approximate due to incomplete historical documentation from the era. For Kian, where he began his professional journey in , available data estimates around 50 appearances with no confirmed goals recorded. At from 1968 to 1970, he reportedly made approximately 60 appearances and scored about 20 goals, contributing significantly as an before transitioning to Persepolis. Parvin's tenure at Persepolis FC from 1970 to 1988 forms the core of his club record, with 279 appearances and 96 goals across league, cup, and other domestic competitions, establishing him as one of the club's most enduring figures. These totals cemented his status as Persepolis's all-time leader in appearances until surpassed the mark with his 280th match in February 2025. Detailed seasonal breakdowns for Persepolis are not fully verifiable in accessible archives, but the aggregate figures underscore his consistency and impact over 18 seasons. As of November 2025, Alishah holds the record with over 290 appearances. Overall, Parvin's club career totals approximate 389 appearances and 116 goals, reflecting his role in elevating Iranian club football during a formative period. The following table summarizes his club-level statistics (early career figures approximate; Persepolis verified):
ClubYearsAppearancesGoals
Kian Tehran FC1966–1968~50N/A
1968–1970~60~20
1970–198827996
Career Total1966–1988~389~116

International statistics

Ali Parvin represented the national team from 1970 to 1980, earning 76 caps and scoring 13 goals during his international career. His appearances were distributed across major tournaments, qualifiers, and friendlies, with a focus on continental competitions during Iran's golden era of Asian football. According to performance data, Parvin featured prominently in qualifying campaigns and tournament finals, contributing to Iran's successes in the and . Historical records show some discrepancies, with sources like Team Melli documenting 72 caps and 11 goals, while and report 76 caps and 13 goals. These variations likely stem from incomplete documentation of friendlies and early qualifiers from the era, as well as differing criteria for official matches. The following table provides an approximate breakdown of his appearances and goals by competition (sums to 74/11 due to unverified minor matches):
CompetitionAppearancesGoals
International Friendlies261
162
153
73
41
30
31
Note: Totals adjusted to 76 appearances and 13 goals based on and ; table reflects verified tournament participations with potential overlaps or additional minor matches. Parvin's goals were primarily scored in qualifiers and tournament matches, showcasing his role as an attacking . The table below lists known international goals (partial list of 10 out of 13), including dates, venues (where available), opponents, final scores, results, and competitions. This compilation draws from historical match records, though not all details are uniformly documented across sources; additional goals from unlisted matches contribute to the total of 13.
#DateVenueOpponentScoreResultCompetition
11 January 1972Kuwait City, KuwaitKuwait2–0WinOlympic Qualifier
21 February 1972Bangkok, ThailandKuwait2–0WinOlympic Qualifier
36 May 1973Tehran, IranKuwait2–1WinWorld Cup Qualifier
43 September 1974Tehran, IranPakistan7–0WinAsian Games
59 September 1974Tehran, IranMalaysia1–0WinAsian Games
620 August 1975Tehran, IranBahrain3–0WinOlympic Qualifier
713 June 1976Tehran, IranKuwait1–0WinAFC Asian Cup Final
822 July 1976Montreal, CanadaPoland2–3LossOlympic Games
928 January 1977Damascus, SyriaSyria1–0WinWorld Cup Qualifier
1026 April 1978Sofia, BulgariaBulgaria1–1DrawFriendly
No own goals or disciplinary records are noted in primary sources.

Managerial career

Persepolis FC

Ali Parvin managed across five stints from 1982 to 2014, totaling approximately 17 years and establishing him as the club's most successful coach. His first tenure began in 1982 and lasted until 1988, during which he led the team to three Tehran Clubs League titles. Returning in 1988, Parvin guided to two Iranian League championships and one Hazfi Cup before stepping down in 1993 to focus on the national team. Parvin's most prominent period came from 1998 to 2003, where he secured back-to-back Iranian Pro League titles in 1998–99 and 1999–2000, followed by the 2001–02 championship, along with two additional Hazfi Cups. A shorter stint in 2005–2006 helped stabilize the team in the , though without major silverware. His final brief involvement in 2014 was limited due to administrative duties. Throughout these eras, Parvin emphasized defensive solidity and youth integration, contributing to Persepolis's domestic dominance and his reputation as a club legend.

Iran national team

Ali Parvin was appointed head coach of the in late 1989, succeeding , and held the position until October 1993. His tenure began amid the aftermath of the -Iraq War, as the team sought to rebuild its international standing following years of isolation and internal disruptions. One of Parvin's earliest successes came at the in , where he guided to the gold medal, defeating 2–0 in the final. This victory marked 's first Asian Games football title since 1974 and boosted national morale, with Parvin leveraging a mix of experienced players and emerging talents to secure the continental honor. However, the team suffered an early exit from the in , finishing third in Group B after a 0–0 draw with , a 2–1 loss to , and a 1–0 win over , failing to advance beyond the group stage due to tactical and finishing issues. In World Cup qualification campaigns, Parvin's Iran showed promise but ultimately fell short in the 1994 FIFA World Cup qualifiers. Iran progressed through the preliminary round unbeaten with three wins and three draws before entering the final round in , . Key matches included a 2–1 victory over on October 25, 1993, which positioned Iran favorably, but a 1–3 defeat to in the decisive final group game on October 28 sealed their elimination, as claimed the qualifying spot. Parvin's era was marked by significant challenges, including political instability in post-war , which limited camps and international friendlies, and internal federation disputes that disrupted team cohesion. Player transitions added pressure, with absences of key veterans like Farshad Pious and Abedzadeh due to injuries or conflicts, forcing reliance on a youthful squad still adapting to high-stakes international play. These factors contributed to inconsistent performances and ultimately led to Parvin's dismissal following the 1994 qualification failure.

Managerial statistics

Ali Parvin's managerial record includes extensive tenures primarily at Persepolis FC and with the Iran national team, though comprehensive data for all competitions, especially pre-1990s matches, remains incomplete due to inconsistent historical documentation. Detailed statistics are available for later periods and international matches. The following table summarizes key periods of his managerial career, focusing on available data for league seasons, international matches, and notable titles:
PeriodTeamCompetition(s)MatchesWinsDrawsLossesWin Rate (%)Titles Won
1982–1988Tehran Clubs League (primarily)100N/AN/AN/AN/A3× Tehran Clubs League
1988–1993Azadegan/Tehran/Qods Leagues178N/AN/AN/AN/A2× Iranian League, 1× Hazfi Cup
1989–1993Iran national teamInternational matches4218111342.86Asian Games Gold (1990)
1998–2003Azadegan/Persian Gulf Pro League16696432757.833× Iranian League, 2× Hazfi Cup
2005–20062287736.36None
2007–2008, 2010–2011 Azin FCIran Pro League5814182624.14None
20141345430.77None
For example, in the 1998–2003 period, recorded strong performances in league play under Parvin. Earlier stints show high success rates where documented, but full records including cups and Asian competitions are limited. Parvin's win rate was higher in club roles, often exceeding 50%, compared to his international tenure.

Administrative roles

Persepolis FC

Ali Parvin has played a key administrative role at , leveraging his status as the club's most iconic figure to influence governance and provide stability during turbulent times. Appointed interim chairman on January 22, 2014, following Mohammad Rouyanian's resignation amid leadership instability, Parvin stepped in to guide the club through this transitional period. His tenure lasted until late April 2014, when he was succeeded by Hossein Rahimi as , helping to bridge the gap during a phase of organizational uncertainty. As a board member in the early 2010s, including a second stint starting in September 2011, Parvin contributed to decision-making processes that shaped the club's direction, drawing on his unparalleled legacy to foster continuity. Parvin's enduring presence in administrative capacities has reinforced Persepolis's , where he is revered as the mythical embodiment of the club's spirit, inspiring loyalty and resilience among fans and players alike. His deep-rooted ties as a former player and manager informed these roles, emphasizing long-term sustainability over short-term gains.

Steel Azin FC

Ali Parvin served as chairman of Steel Azin FC from December 2010 to June 2011, taking on a key administrative role following his earlier experience in football . In this capacity, he oversaw the club's operations during the 2010–11 Pro League season, which ultimately resulted in relegation to the , 's second division. His leadership focused on stabilizing the team amid competitive pressures, though the squad finished 18th with 28 points from 6 wins, 10 draws, and 18 losses. Parvin played a direct role in strategic decisions, including coach selections and player acquisitions to bolster the roster. He expressed strong interest in appointing Hamid Khakpour as head coach in late 2010, aiming to inject fresh tactical direction into the struggling side. Under his oversight, the club managed signings such as Mohammad Parvin, a and Parvin's son, who contributed to the midfield during the campaign, alongside retaining high-profile talents like earlier in the season—though internal tensions led to Karimi's mutual departure in January 2011 following a reported with Parvin. These moves sought to enhance team performance but were hampered by the club's overall inconsistencies, with 30 goals scored across the league fixtures. The tenure was marked by significant challenges, including severe financial constraints that prompted owner Hossein Hedayati to announce the club's potential dissolution in April 2011 after a loss to , citing unsustainable costs despite initial heavy investments since the club's founding in 2007. Although the team completed the season, relegation triggered further upheaval, with the club relocating from to in 2011 to continue in the second division under the name Steel Azin of Semnan and a new . These developments, combined with the poor league standing, led to Parvin's resignation shortly after the season's end on June 15, 2011.

Honours

As a player

Ali Parvin enjoyed a distinguished playing career primarily with , where he contributed to multiple domestic titles during the 1970s and 1980s. As a key , he helped the club secure three Iranian League championships in the early to mid-1970s, specifically in the 1970–71, 1973–74, and 1975–76 seasons, establishing as a dominant force in Iranian football. Additionally, Parvin was part of the team that won the Tehran Hazfi in 1981–82 and the Tehran Hazfi in , adding to the club's cup successes during his tenure. On the international stage, Parvin represented the Iran national team in major tournaments, earning two titles in and , where Iran defeated strong Asian opponents to claim continental glory. He also participated in the in , showcasing Iran's talent on a global platform, and contributed to the gold medal win at the . These achievements highlighted Parvin's pivotal role in 's golden era of football during the . Parvin is widely recognized as one of FC's all-time greats, having been inducted into the club's Hall of Fame and honored with a for his contributions in the . He held the record for the most appearances for with 279 matches until February 2025, when it was surpassed by Ehsan Alishah, cementing his legacy as a club icon.

As a manager

Ali Parvin's managerial career with was marked by significant domestic success in the , the top tier of Iranian football at the time, where he secured multiple titles during his stints from 1989 to 1993 and 1996 to 2003. Under his leadership, won the in the 1998–99, 1999–2000, and 2001–02 seasons. He also guided the club to three Hazfi Cup triumphs, including the 1987–88 edition during his early player-manager role, the 1991–92 final against Esteghlal, and the 1998–99 competition where defeated 4–0 in the final. On the continental stage, Parvin led to notable achievements in Asian competitions, including winning the 1990–91 after defeating 1–0 on aggregate in the final, and finishing as runners-up in the 1992–93 edition, losing to Yokohama Marinos 2–3 on aggregate. In the Asian Club Championship, his teams earned third place in 1999–2000, showcasing 's competitive edge in regional play. These successes underscored Parvin's tactical acumen in building a dominant club side. With the national team, Parvin's tenure from 1989 to 1993 culminated in a at the in , where defeated 2–0 in the final to claim the title, marking the country's first such honor in 16 years. This achievement highlighted his ability to unite and motivate a national squad during a transitional period in Iranian football.

Individual

In 2013, the (AFC) recognized Ali Parvin as one of 17 elite Asian football figures for his lifelong contributions to the sport, honoring him with a commemorative statue presented at a ceremony in . That same year, the AFC awarded him the Gold Star in acknowledgment of his three decades of service to Asian football, marking him as a pivotal figure in the region's development. Parvin's impact on Iranian club football earned him induction into the Persepolis Hall of Fame in 2013, with the club publicly thanking him for his exceptional performances and leadership during his senior playing career. The Iranian Football Federation has honored Parvin's lifetime contributions through various recognitions, including his selection for prestigious international retrospectives that underscore his enduring legacy. In , a nationwide by a leading sports publication named him the best football coach in since the Islamic Revolution, reflecting his profound influence as both player and manager. Parvin consistently ranks among Iran's all-time greatest football figures; for instance, he was included in the International Federation of Football History & Statistics (IFFHS) Asia Men Team of the 20th Century in 2021, alongside legends like , affirming his elite status in both playing and coaching roles. Data-driven analyses further position him as the fifth-most prominent Iranian soccer player historically.

References

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  45. http://www.beasiswa-kuliah.com/en3/2-122-19/Ali-Parwin_45683_unkris_beasiswa-kuliah.html
  46. https://en.onul.works/w/Ali_Parvin
  47. https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/419987/Iranian-football-legend-Ali-Parvin-hospitalized
  48. https://www.theiranproject.com/en/news/26964/iran-s-football-legend-receives-int-l-award
  49. https://pantheon.world/profile/occupation/soccer-player/country/iran
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