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Alma Reville
Alma Reville
Alma Reville
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Alma Lucy Reville, Lady Hitchcock (14 August 1899 – 6 July 1982) was an English screenwriter and film editor. Being the wife of Alfred Hitchcock,[1] she collaborated with her husband on such films as Shadow of a Doubt, Suspicion, and The Lady Vanishes, as well as worked with other famous directors such as Henrik Galeen, Maurice Elvey, and Berthold Viertel.[2]

Key Information

Early life and career

[edit]

Reville was born on 14 August 1899 in St. Ann's Nottingham[3] (one day after her future husband), the second daughter of Matthew Edward and Lucy (née Owen) Reville. The family moved to London when Reville was young, as her father gained a job at Twickenham Film Studios. Reville often visited her father at work and eventually obtained a job there as a tea girl. At 16, she was promoted to the position of cutter, which involved assisting directors in editing the motion pictures. Of editing, she wrote, "The art of cutting is Art indeed, with a capital A, and is of far greater importance than is generally acknowledged."[4] She continued to work there as a scriptwriter and director's assistant. These roles enabled her to become involved in areas of film-making to which women would then rarely have access.[5]

Twickenham Film Studio, where Reville first worked, closed in 1919, but she was given a job at Paramount's Famous Players–Lasky, a subsidiary of the American company based in Islington, where she met her future husband, Alfred Hitchcock. The same company gave him a job as a graphic designer before he became an art editor.[5] The first film Reville worked on with Hitchcock was Woman to Woman (1923), with Reville as film editor, and Hitchcock as art director and assistant editor.[5][2]

As well as editing, writing and other production roles, Reville also appeared on screen making three film appearances: a lead role in The Life Story of David Lloyd George (1918), and as an extra in Hitchcock's The Lodger: A Story of the London Fog (1927) and Sabotage (1936).[3]

Marriage and collaborations

[edit]
The Hitchcocks on their wedding day at Brompton Oratory in 1926

Hitchcock and Reville married on 2 December 1926 at Brompton Oratory in London after Reville converted to Roman Catholicism from Protestantism, apparently at the behest of Hitchcock's mother.[6] Reville was baptized on 31 May 1927 and confirmed at Westminster Cathedral by Francis Cardinal Bourne on 5 June.[7] In 1928, when they learned that she was pregnant, the Hitchcocks purchased "Winter's Grace", a Tudor farmhouse set in 11 acres (4.45 ha) on Stroud Lane, Shamley Green, Surrey, for £2,500.[8] Their daughter and only child, Patricia Alma Hitchcock, was born on 7 July that year.[9]

Reville co-wrote The Ring (1927) – the first screenwriting credit she shared with Hitchcock – but worked with other directors as well. She co-wrote The Constant Nymph (1928), the first film adaptation of the best-selling novel The Constant Nymph (1924) by Margaret Kennedy, directed by Adrian Brunel. In 1929, Reville co-wrote After the Verdict, directed by Henrik Galeen and A Romance of Seville, directed by Norman Walker. In 1931 and 1932 she worked with directors such as Harry Lachman, Maurice Elvey and Basil Dean. In 1933, Hitchcock hired Joan Harrison as his assistant, and she assumed many of Reville's roles within his productions. She continued to work with some other directors, including Phil Rosen in 1934, Berthold Viertel in 1935 and Richard Wallace in 1945. Reville focused primarily on preparing and adapting her husband's scripts, including those for Rebecca, Foreign Correspondent (both 1940), Suspicion (1941) and Saboteur (1942).[10][11]

Reville worked with her husband on many more scripts in Hollywood. She collaborated with Joan Harrison on the script of Suspicion, which was completed on 28 November 1940. They worked on it in the Hitchcocks' home in Bel Air, as Hitchcock preferred writing in a comfortable, intimate environment rather than an office.[12]

Reville had a keen ear for dialogue and an editor's sharp eye for scrutinising a film's final version for continuity flaws so minor they had escaped the notice of the director or the crew. It was Reville who noticed Janet Leigh inadvertently swallowing after her character's fatal encounter in Psycho (1960), necessitating an alteration to the negative.

Reville was Hitchcock's closest collaborator and sounding board. Charles Champlin wrote in 1982: "The Hitchcock touch had four hands, and two were Alma's."[13] When Hitchcock accepted the AFI Life Achievement Award in 1979, he said he wanted to mention "four people who have given me the most affection, appreciation and encouragement, and constant collaboration. The first of the four is a film editor, the second is a scriptwriter, the third is the mother of my daughter, Pat, and the fourth is as fine a cook as ever performed miracles in a domestic kitchen. And their names are Alma Reville".[14]

Death

[edit]

Reville survived a bout of breast cancer. She died on 6 July 1982, at the age of 82, two years after her husband. She was cremated and had her ashes scattered in the Pacific Ocean.[15]

[edit]

Reville was portrayed by Imelda Staunton in The Girl (2012),[1] and Helen Mirren in Hitchcock (2012).[1] Staunton was nominated for a BAFTA and a Primetime Emmy[16] while Mirren was nominated for BAFTA,[17] Golden Globe and SAG awards.[18]

Legacy

[edit]

In 1999, on the 100th anniversary of her birth, a plaque to Reville was unveiled in Nottingham, near the site of her birth, as part of the British Film Institute's "Centenary of Cinema" celebrations.[3]

Selected filmography

[edit]

Reville wrote or co-wrote many screenplays, including:

References

[edit]

Bibliography

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Alma Reville

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from Grokipedia
Alma Reville (14 August 1899 – 6 July 1982) was an English , editor, and best known as the wife and creative collaborator of filmmaker , with whom she shared a professional partnership that shaped many of his iconic films. Born in , , Reville entered the British film industry at age 16 in 1915, starting as a "rewind girl" at Film Studios before advancing to roles as a cutter, , and scenario writer for . She met Hitchcock in 1921 at the Studios, where both contributed to early productions, though their close collaboration began around 1923. The couple, born just one day apart—Reville on 14 August 1899 and Hitchcock on 13 August 1899—married on 2 December 1926 in and remained together until his death in 1980; they had one daughter, Patricia Hitchcock, born in 1928, who later appeared in several of her father's films. Reville's career included credited writing on early British films such as Woman to Woman (1923) and The Ring (1927), but her most significant impact came through uncredited yet essential contributions to Hitchcock's oeuvre, including script adaptations, continuity supervision, and narrative refinements on titles like The 39 Steps (1935), Sabotage (1936), Suspicion (1941), Shadow of a Doubt (1943), and Lifeboat (1944). Often sharing story or screenplay credits with Hitchcock, she served as his primary advisor on plot structure, character development, and moral ambiguities, exerting an indispensable influence that insiders and historians have described as foundational to his suspense style. After the family relocated to Hollywood in 1939, Reville continued her behind-the-scenes role while occasionally taking on other writing assignments, though her work remained largely overshadowed by her husband's fame until posthumous recognition highlighted her as a pioneering female figure in cinema.

Early life

Family background and childhood

Alma Lucy Reville was born on 14 August 1899 in St Ann's, , , the second daughter of Matthew Edward Reville and Lucy Reville (née Owen). Her parents were both employed as lacemakers, a common trade in at the turn of the century. She had one older sister, Eveline. The Reville family relocated from to in shortly after Alma's birth, seeking better opportunities as her father transitioned to work in the costume department at the newly established Twickenham Film Studios. This move immersed the family in the expanding area during the early 1900s, a period of industrial and cultural growth, though they remained rooted in working-class circumstances. Alma's formative years coincided with the onset of in 1914, when she was 15, amid a time of national upheaval that affected daily life and family dynamics across . The war's disruptions, including and social changes, likely contributed to the resilience observed in her later career, though specific personal impacts on her childhood remain undocumented in available records. Her early environment near London's emerging film scene provided indirect exposure to and performance through local culture and her father's studio connections, fostering an initial interest in narrative arts before her professional entry at age 16.

Entry into the film industry

At the age of sixteen in , Alma Reville left and entered the British film industry by taking her first job as a tea girl at the London Film Company studios in , where her proximity to the facility facilitated her initial entry. This entry-level role involved general assistance around the production sets, marking her transition from education to professional cinema work during the burgeoning era of British filmmaking. Reville's aptitude was quickly recognized, leading to a rapid promotion to as a film cutter, or "rewind girl," where she began learning the fundamentals of under the guidance of experienced technicians. By 1917, within two years of starting, she advanced further to become a second to Maurice Elvey, the company's leading director, who mentored her in on-set operations and technical precision. This mentorship was pivotal, as Elvey entrusted her with responsibilities on productions, including a small acting role as Megan Lloyd George in his 1918 documentary-style The Life Story of David Lloyd George, providing her early hands-on experience in from 1916 to 1919. Through these formative years, Reville honed her skills in montage and , essential techniques for maintaining narrative flow in silent films, developing a keen eye for pacing and detail that distinguished her as a skilled technician by the end of the decade. Her progression from novice assistant to trusted crew member exemplified the opportunities available to women in behind-the-camera roles during the silent era, though such advancements were uncommon.

Professional career

Early editing and acting work

Alma Reville began her editing career in earnest during the early 1920s at the Famous Players-Lasky studio in Islington, London, where she served as an editor and second assistant director. Her first credited editing role came on the 1923 silent drama Woman to Woman, directed by Graham Cutts and produced under Gainsborough Pictures, marking a significant step in her technical contributions to British cinema. She followed this with editing work on other Cutts films, including The White Shadow (1924) and The Passionate Adventure (1924), both of which showcased her growing expertise in assembling narratives from raw footage during the transition from short films to features. In addition to editing, Reville made occasional acting appearances in the late 1910s and early 1920s, though these were limited and often uncredited. Her most notable role was a lead performance as Megan Lloyd George in Maurice Elvey's 1918 biopic The Life Story of David Lloyd George, where she portrayed the daughter of the British prime minister. Sources indicate she had a total of two on-screen appearances across her career: the credited role in The Life Story of David Lloyd George and an uncredited cameo as a woman listening to the wireless in The Lodger (1927, dir. Alfred Hitchcock). Reville's editing approach emphasized precision in continuity and script supervision, skills she honed as an editor's assistant and cutter from 1919 onward at the London Film Company. She was renowned for identifying subtle continuity errors and refining scripts for clarity and pacing, ensuring seamless narrative flow in silent films where visual storytelling was paramount. Operating in a male-dominated industry, Reville faced challenges such as uncredited labor and the demands of long production schedules, yet her meticulous reputation earned her steady roles despite these barriers. She also served as assistant director on The Pleasure Garden (1927, dir. Alfred Hitchcock), becoming Britain's first female assistant director—a milestone in a field dominated by men.

Screenwriting and key contributions

Alma Reville transitioned from and continuity roles to in the late 1920s, leveraging her technical expertise to craft narratives for British films during the industry's shift from silent to sound production. Her early independent credits included the for The Constant Nymph (1928, dir. Adrian Brunel), an of Margaret Kennedy's that explored themes of and artistic passion among a composer's family in the Austrian Tyrol, demonstrating her skill in adapting literary sources for the screen. Similarly, she wrote the for A South Sea Bubble (1928, dir. T. Hayes Hunter), a silent comedy-adventure starring as a treasure hunter entangled in romantic escapades in the Pacific, where Reville's contributions emphasized witty dialogue and plot intricacies suited to the era's escapist entertainment. These works highlighted her talent for blending emotional depth with suspenseful twists, establishing her as a versatile writer amid the competitive British . Reville's continued into the sound era, where she played a key role in adapting stage plays for the cinema's new auditory demands. In addition to scripting, Reville provided continuity supervision for several non-Hitchcock productions, such as The Constant Nymph, where she maintained plot consistency across scenes, a critical function during the technical challenges of transitioning to sound films that required precise timing for and effects. Her continuity work extended to other titles like The First Born (1928, dir. ), for which she also penned the , underscoring her multifaceted contributions to storytelling efficiency in an evolving medium. Though Reville's independent output was limited by family commitments and industry norms, her screenplays exemplified concise plotting and character-driven tension, influencing British films' move toward more sophisticated sound narratives. No specific awards or nominations from the British Film Academy are recorded for her standalone work, but her technical and writing roles in early talkies supported the genre's maturation in .

Personal life

Meeting and marriage to Alfred Hitchcock

Alma Reville first encountered in the summer of 1921 at the Studios of Famous Players-Lasky in , where she was an established editor and he was a novice who approached her for directions to the production office. Their initial interaction sparked a professional acquaintance that evolved amid the bustling environment of early British cinema. By , they were collaborating more closely under producer at (later associated with Gaumont British), working on films directed by Graham Cutts, including Woman to Woman and The Blackguard (1925). During the early 1920s, Reville and Hitchcock's courtship blossomed through shared assignments and a mutual fascination with film techniques, such as editing rhythms and narrative structure. Reville, with her experience as a cutter and scenario writer, offered critical feedback that shaped Hitchcock's approach to storytelling; she contributed uncredited to the script and continuity for his breakthrough silent thriller The Lodger (1927), helping refine its suspenseful pacing and character dynamics. Their bond was rooted in professional respect, with Reville's insights proving instrumental during Hitchcock's transition from titles designer to director. Reville and Hitchcock married on 2 1926 in a modest Catholic ceremony at in , , attended by close family including Hitchcock's mother and brother. To align with Hitchcock's devout faith, Reville converted to Roman Catholicism prior to the wedding, marking a personal commitment that complemented their partnership. The couple's honeymoon was brief and intertwined with work, as Hitchcock soon departed for post-production duties on upcoming projects, reflecting their seamless blend of personal and professional lives. In the initial years of their marriage, Reville and Hitchcock resided in a modest flat, navigating the demands of their careers as the British film industry shifted toward synchronized sound with the rise of talkies in the late . Reville maintained her independent and roles for various producers while serving as Hitchcock's trusted advisor on set, ensuring continuity and script polish amid his growing success. Their collaborative dynamic allowed both to thrive, with Reville's expertise providing stability during Hitchcock's experimental forays into sound cinema.

Family and relocation to Hollywood

Alma Reville and Alfred Hitchcock's only child, Alma Hitchcock, was born on 7 July 1928 in the family's apartment. Hitchcock died on August 9, 2021. During the subsequent decade, as Hitchcock helmed productions for Gaumont-British Picture Corporation and later —companies central to his rise in the British film industry—the family established a settled routine in . Reville, adapting her career to motherhood, shifted toward for its flexible hours, allowing her to care for while contributing to Hitchcock's scripts, such as those for Easy Virtue (1928) and other early sound-era works. In early 1939, Hitchcock signed a lucrative seven-year contract with Hollywood producer David O. Selznick, prompting the family's decision to emigrate to the United States for greater professional opportunities. Accompanied by their daughter, a personal assistant, a cook, and a maid, the Hitchcocks departed London on 1 March 1939, arriving in New York before settling in California; they sailed together aboard the RMS Queen Mary, marking the end of their English chapter. The relocation unfolded against the backdrop of escalating global tensions, with erupting in just months after their arrival in , which severed direct connections to British relatives and complicated any thoughts of return amid wartime restrictions and uncertainties. The family faced adaptation hurdles in the unfamiliar American environment, including cultural shifts and the isolation of life during the conflict, though they navigated these through correspondence with loved ones back home. In , Reville presided over a discreet Bel Air household, prioritizing family stability and shielding them from Hollywood's social whirl, which Hitchcock famously disdained as overly commercial. She devoted significant attention to raising , whose interest in blossomed in this setting; , who later trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in , secured roles in her father's films after returning to the U.S., including Stage Fright (1950) and Strangers on a Train (1951).

Later years

Advisory roles and retirement

In the 1940s, Alma Reville continued her collaboration with Alfred Hitchcock in an increasingly advisory capacity, often working uncredited on script development and editorial oversight for his American productions. For Rebecca (1940), Reville contributed to the screenplay adaptation alongside her husband and others, helping refine the narrative from Daphne du Maurier's novel to suit Hollywood sensibilities while preserving its gothic tension. Her role extended to spotting potential continuity issues and ensuring logical plot progression, a skill honed from her early editing days. Reville's input proved crucial on Suspicion (1941), where she is credited as a and contributed to revisions of early drafts. On (1943), she received a screenwriting credit and contributed to the screenplay co-written with and , based on Gordon McDonell's original story, which was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Story. Her editorial eye helped balance the film's intimate Santa Rosa setting with its underlying menace. By the mid-1940s, Reville's influence shaped female character portrayals in Hitchcock's spy thrillers, including uncredited contributions to Notorious (1946). Though uncredited, her suggestions ensured layered characterizations, drawing from her experience with strong female leads in earlier works. Following the birth of their daughter and the move to Hollywood, Reville gradually shifted toward semi-retirement in the 1950s, prioritizing family life as Hitchcock assembled a stable production team including writers like . Her involvement became sporadic, driven by advancing age and occasional health concerns, though she remained a trusted consultant on select projects. She provided key feedback on Psycho (1960), spotting a continuity error in the shower scene where Janet Leigh appeared to swallow after her character's death, necessitating a reshoot to maintain the illusion of finality. This marked one of her final notable contributions, with her last on-screen credit dating to (1950); thereafter, she occasionally advised on Hitchcock's television episodes but largely withdrew from active production by the mid-1960s.

Death

In the late 1970s, Alma Reville's health began to deteriorate significantly, marked by mobility issues that confined her to the family's Bel-Air home in Los Angeles, where she had resided with Alfred Hitchcock since selling their remote Scotts Valley ranch in 1974 following her stroke two years earlier. Despite surviving breast cancer in prior years, her condition worsened after Hitchcock's death from natural causes in April 1980, leaving her increasingly frail. Reville died on July 6, 1982, at the age of 82, in their Bel-Air home from natural causes following a lengthy illness. A private funeral was held shortly thereafter, after which she was cremated and her ashes scattered over the , in keeping with her husband's wishes upon his own passing. Her daughter, Patricia Hitchcock O'Connell, later reflected on her mother's quiet strength and enduring influence in the 2003 memoir Alma Hitchcock: The Woman Behind the Man, co-authored with Laurent Bouzereau, highlighting Reville's resilience amid personal and professional challenges.

Legacy

Recognition and influence

Alma Reville received limited formal recognition during her lifetime for her contributions to cinema, though her influence was acknowledged by her husband, . In his 1979 acceptance speech for the American Film Institute's Life Achievement Award, Hitchcock famously stated that "the Hitchcock touch had four hands, and two of them were Alma's," crediting her as an essential collaborator in his creative process. Posthumously, her daughter O'Connell co-authored the 2003 biography Alma Hitchcock: The Woman Behind the Man, which details Reville's role in shaping techniques and plot structures across Hitchcock's films, portraying her as a co-creator rather than a mere assistant. Additionally, the restored and screened her early screenplay The First Born (1928) as part of the London Film Festival, highlighting her independent work in British silent cinema. Reville's influence on Hitchcock's style is evident in the emphasis on nuanced perspectives and meticulous plot logic, elements that became hallmarks of his thrillers. Scholars note that her editorial expertise and script revisions often refined character motivations, particularly for leads, ensuring psychological depth and coherence—contributions that elevated films like Suspicion (1941) and (1943). Her input on emotional pacing and agency helped craft complex women who drove suspense, as analyzed in examining Hitchcock's oeuvre through a collaborative lens. This partnership extended to a shared for storyboarding, allowing Reville to translate Hitchcock's visions into structured scripts, influencing the precision of his visual storytelling. Despite these impacts, historical credit for Reville has often been overshadowed by Hitchcock's auteur status, a gap addressed in recent scholarship that reframes her as an unsung architect of the thriller genre. Post-2020 analyses, such as those in the Women Film Pioneers Project, reevaluate her as a pioneer whose behind-the-scenes work advanced feminist interpretations of Hitchcock's films, emphasizing how her insights on dynamics enriched the genre's exploration of vulnerability and power. Recent scholarship in journals like the New Review of Film and Television Studies underscores her advisory role in early American Hitchcock productions. These studies, alongside the 2020 Film Forum series "The Women Behind Hitchcock," continue to illuminate her enduring legacy in , advocating for a more inclusive view of creative partnerships in mid-20th-century cinema.

Depictions in media

Alma Reville has been portrayed in various media since the , often highlighting her role as 's creative partner and muse, with depictions evolving to emphasize her independent contributions amid broader discussions of women's invisibility in film history. In Donald Spoto's 1983 biography The Dark Side of Genius: The Life of Alfred Hitchcock, Reville is depicted as an essential collaborator whose editing and writing skills shaped Hitchcock's early career, though the book also fictionalizes aspects of their personal dynamics to underscore her supportive yet overshadowed presence. This work influenced later portrayals, serving as a key source for the 2012 film The Girl, where plays Reville as a pragmatic wife navigating Hitchcock's obsessive behavior toward actress during the production of The Birds. The same year, the feature film Hitchcock presented Reville through Helen Mirren's performance as a witty and emotional anchor, particularly during the making of Psycho, where she intervenes to refine the and bolster her husband's resolve against studio pressures. These biopics, released amid renewed interest in Hitchcock's legacy, fictionalize Reville's partnership to portray her not merely as a wife but as a co-creator whose sharp instincts complemented his vision. In the 2020s, documentaries and podcasts have further reclaimed Reville's story, reflecting #MeToo-era revisions to film history that spotlight overlooked women in male-dominated industries. For instance, the 2023 podcast episode "The Women Behind Hitchcock: Unmasking the Master" from More Than a Muse explores Reville's editorial influence on Hitchcock's suspense techniques, framing her as a foundational figure in genre filmmaking alongside other female collaborators. A 2025 YouTube documentary, "Alma Reville: in the shadow of Hitchcock?", delves into her pre-Hitchcock career and lifelong advisory role, using archival footage to challenge narratives of her as merely supportive. Similarly, a June 2025 Medium article, "Behind the Lens: Alfred Hitchcock's Quiet Collaborator," positions Reville's contributions as emblematic of women's erased labor in Hollywood, drawing parallels to contemporary efforts to credit behind-the-scenes talents. These recent media pieces emphasize her wit and professional acumen, portraying Reville as a resilient partner whose uncredited work on films like Suspicion and Shadow of a Doubt warrants reevaluation in modern contexts.

References

  1. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/6653710/alma_lucy-hitchcock
  2. https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/18/movies/hitchcock-and-the-girl-remember-alma-reville.html
  3. https://www.nytimes.com/2003/07/13/books/books-in-brief-nonfiction-373974.html
  4. https://content.ucpress.edu/title/9780520089044/9780520089044_one.pdf
  5. https://wfpp.columbia.edu/pioneer/alma-reville/
  6. https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/1999/aug/28/weekend7.weekend
  7. https://www.geni.com/people/Alma-Hitchcock/6000000010707608636
  8. https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-companion-to-alfred-hitchcock/hitchcock-and-the-studio-system/574C751572DE85BD1FC1B342D9EB2F10
  9. https://www.bfi.org.uk/features/will-real-mrs-hitchcock-please-stand-up
  10. https://ancestors.familysearch.org/en/9KGV-21L/alma-lucy-reville-1899-1982
  11. https://nottinghamwomenshistory.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Alma-Lucy-Reville.pdf
  12. https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Reville-5
  13. https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/alma-reville-9489.php
  14. https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/educational-magazines/reville-alma-1899-1982
  15. https://brentonfilm.com/alma-reville-the-power-behind-hitchcocks-throne
  16. https://silentfilm.org/the-first-born/
  17. https://thebioscope.net/2009/03/11/a-hero-of-the-valleys/
  18. http://www.screenonline.org.uk/people/id/449017/credits.html
  19. http://www.screenonline.org.uk/film/id/1422792/index.html
  20. https://www.sensesofcinema.com/2005/great-directors/hitchcock/
  21. https://www.latimes.com/obituaries/story/2021-08-11/pat-hitchcock-daughter-of-alfred-hitchcock-dead-at-93
  22. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/14/movies/pat-hitchcock-oconnell-dead.html
  23. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/290653749_American_Civilization_and_Its_Discontents_The_Persistence_of_Evil_in_Hitchcock%27s_Shadow_of_a_Doubt
  24. https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-companion-to-alfred-hitchcock/hitchcock-encounters-america-america-encounters-hitchcock-roots-and-offshoots/B9D0975FA31E9EF89F04D9668AC84E8D
  25. https://www.americanheritage.com/hitchcock-location
  26. https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/pat-hitchcock-dead-alfred-daughter-1234995917/
  27. https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/87781/rebecca
  28. https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/2152/ETD-UT-2012-05-5196/1/PETERSON-THESIS.pdf
  29. https://culturalgutter.com/2024/04/11/some-of-the-women-who-wrote-hitchcock/
  30. https://www.upi.com/Archives/1982/07/13/Alma-Reville-Hitchcock-wife-of-the-late-director-Alfred/6514395380800/
  31. https://www.santacruzsentinel.com/2022/10/30/the-santa-cruz-secrets-of-alfred-hitchcock-ross-eric-gibson-local-history/
  32. https://www.amazon.com/Alma-Hitchcock-Woman-Behind-Man/dp/0425190056
  33. https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2011/sep/22/london-film-festival-first-born
  34. https://www.criterion.com/current/posts/6847-the-women-behind-hitchcock
  35. https://www.nrftsjournal.org/auteur-closeups
  36. https://books.google.com/books/about/The_dark_side_of_genius.html?id=vUHwQ7acksQC
  37. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0975645/
  38. https://podbay.fm/p/more-than-a-muse/e/1698213600
  39. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KHarz_4FqTw
  40. https://medium.com/being/women-in-history-d6fd95c89b15
  41. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FL0JryM09NI
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