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Alonzo Barnard
Alonzo Barnard (1817–1905) was a Presbyterian missionary to Native Americans. He helped people escape slavery and taught formerly enslaved people in Ontario, Canada. He met his wife Sarah Philena Babcock Barnard (1819–1853) at Oberlin College and they worked together as missionaries and abolitionists with other graduates from Oberlin. Called the "Oberlin Band", they were led by Rev. Frederick Ayer. They worked initially for the Western Evangelical Missionary Society, and then the American Missionary Association after 1846. He ran one of the first printing presses in Minnesota, which was used to print books in the Ojibwe language. He established several mission stations and was a fund-raiser for the mission.
They were missionaries to the Sioux and the Ojibwe (Chippewa). Barnard served with his first wife, Sarah, in what are now the states of Minnesota and North Dakota. At some point, Barnard lived in Chatham, Ontario, where he taught formerly enslaved Blacks.
Alonzo Barnard was born in Peru, Vermont, on June 2, 1817 to Harriet Byam and Josiah Barnard. He was raised in Pittsfield Township, Ohio, before moving with his family to Elyria, Ohio, when he was 17. He studied at Oberlin College. Before he graduated, he worked as a missionary in 1837 and 1838 in Mississippi and Louisiana, where he witnessed a woman get 150 lashings for accidentally breaking a stalk of cotton. He began working on the Underground Railroad while at Oberlin.
Frederick Ayer, a Presbyterian minister, recruited Barnard and other Oberlin students to become missionaries. Barnard met his first wife at Oberlin. They both graduated in 1843 and were married that year in Rochester, Ohio. Barnard was licensed to preach in June 1843.
In 1843, Barnard was a co-founder of the Oberlin mission at Red Lake that served the Ojibwe (Chippewa) in what was then the frontier of northwest Wisconsin Territory (now Minnesota). Other missionaries who established the "Oberlin Band" mission included Frederick Ayer and David B. Spencer—who selected the Red Lake site in 1842— and Sela Wright, Dr. William Lewis, and P.O. Johnston. Traveling through the wilderness, the Barnards and others in the Oberlin party were guided part of the way to Red Lake by employees of the American Fur Company. The missionaries primary goal was to convert Ojibwe people to Christianity. The also had the "impossible task of remaking a way of life" to an agrarian lifestyle. The new mission did not have the money to pay the missionaries salaries. The Western Evangelical Missionary Society provided tools so that the missionaries could build houses and grow food, with the objective of being self-sufficient. They established themselves near the fledging St. Paul, Minnesota, where the only business was a government grist mill and there were three or four buildings. It was called "Devil's Den" for the character of its residents. Barnard traveled 300 miles (480 km) with Ayer to Winnipeg for supplies.
Barnard worked at the Leech Lake mission before going to Cass Lake, where he and Sarah established a mission in 1846 with David Spencer. The missions fell under the auspices of the new staunchly anti-slavery American Missionary Association in 1846 or 1848, when the American Missionary Association took over responsibilities of the Western Evangelical Missionary Society. Barnard raised funds to support the Red Lake missions. He worked in government service for two years, around 1846 to 1848, before taking a missionary position for the American Missionary Association.
Barnard was ordained by Ayer in 1847 and he delivered his first Protestant church service at Pembina (now North Dakota) with Baptist minister James Tanner in 1848 or August 1851. Barnard was the first ordained protestant minister to conduct a church service in North Dakota.
Oberlin alumni and Sunday schools in Ohio donated funds for Barnard to acquire a printing press in 1849. The Minnesota Historical Society stated in 1934 that it was the second use of a printing press in Minnesota history. It was used at Cass Lake to print books, like hymnals, in the Ojibwe language—as well as a book to teach missionaries the Ojibwe language. On Barnard's return to Red Lake from the eastern United States in the summer of 1849, he led adults and children through an arduous trip of sickness due to cholera, wounds from fly and mosquito bites, flooding, portage, extreme heat, and wandering horses. He was appointed postmaster of the Cass Lake post office in 1852. It was one of three post offices for the Red Lake missionary stations.
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Alonzo Barnard
Alonzo Barnard (1817–1905) was a Presbyterian missionary to Native Americans. He helped people escape slavery and taught formerly enslaved people in Ontario, Canada. He met his wife Sarah Philena Babcock Barnard (1819–1853) at Oberlin College and they worked together as missionaries and abolitionists with other graduates from Oberlin. Called the "Oberlin Band", they were led by Rev. Frederick Ayer. They worked initially for the Western Evangelical Missionary Society, and then the American Missionary Association after 1846. He ran one of the first printing presses in Minnesota, which was used to print books in the Ojibwe language. He established several mission stations and was a fund-raiser for the mission.
They were missionaries to the Sioux and the Ojibwe (Chippewa). Barnard served with his first wife, Sarah, in what are now the states of Minnesota and North Dakota. At some point, Barnard lived in Chatham, Ontario, where he taught formerly enslaved Blacks.
Alonzo Barnard was born in Peru, Vermont, on June 2, 1817 to Harriet Byam and Josiah Barnard. He was raised in Pittsfield Township, Ohio, before moving with his family to Elyria, Ohio, when he was 17. He studied at Oberlin College. Before he graduated, he worked as a missionary in 1837 and 1838 in Mississippi and Louisiana, where he witnessed a woman get 150 lashings for accidentally breaking a stalk of cotton. He began working on the Underground Railroad while at Oberlin.
Frederick Ayer, a Presbyterian minister, recruited Barnard and other Oberlin students to become missionaries. Barnard met his first wife at Oberlin. They both graduated in 1843 and were married that year in Rochester, Ohio. Barnard was licensed to preach in June 1843.
In 1843, Barnard was a co-founder of the Oberlin mission at Red Lake that served the Ojibwe (Chippewa) in what was then the frontier of northwest Wisconsin Territory (now Minnesota). Other missionaries who established the "Oberlin Band" mission included Frederick Ayer and David B. Spencer—who selected the Red Lake site in 1842— and Sela Wright, Dr. William Lewis, and P.O. Johnston. Traveling through the wilderness, the Barnards and others in the Oberlin party were guided part of the way to Red Lake by employees of the American Fur Company. The missionaries primary goal was to convert Ojibwe people to Christianity. The also had the "impossible task of remaking a way of life" to an agrarian lifestyle. The new mission did not have the money to pay the missionaries salaries. The Western Evangelical Missionary Society provided tools so that the missionaries could build houses and grow food, with the objective of being self-sufficient. They established themselves near the fledging St. Paul, Minnesota, where the only business was a government grist mill and there were three or four buildings. It was called "Devil's Den" for the character of its residents. Barnard traveled 300 miles (480 km) with Ayer to Winnipeg for supplies.
Barnard worked at the Leech Lake mission before going to Cass Lake, where he and Sarah established a mission in 1846 with David Spencer. The missions fell under the auspices of the new staunchly anti-slavery American Missionary Association in 1846 or 1848, when the American Missionary Association took over responsibilities of the Western Evangelical Missionary Society. Barnard raised funds to support the Red Lake missions. He worked in government service for two years, around 1846 to 1848, before taking a missionary position for the American Missionary Association.
Barnard was ordained by Ayer in 1847 and he delivered his first Protestant church service at Pembina (now North Dakota) with Baptist minister James Tanner in 1848 or August 1851. Barnard was the first ordained protestant minister to conduct a church service in North Dakota.
Oberlin alumni and Sunday schools in Ohio donated funds for Barnard to acquire a printing press in 1849. The Minnesota Historical Society stated in 1934 that it was the second use of a printing press in Minnesota history. It was used at Cass Lake to print books, like hymnals, in the Ojibwe language—as well as a book to teach missionaries the Ojibwe language. On Barnard's return to Red Lake from the eastern United States in the summer of 1849, he led adults and children through an arduous trip of sickness due to cholera, wounds from fly and mosquito bites, flooding, portage, extreme heat, and wandering horses. He was appointed postmaster of the Cass Lake post office in 1852. It was one of three post offices for the Red Lake missionary stations.