Anatoly Ivanovich Lisitsyn (Russian: Анатолий Иванович Лисицын, born June 26, 1947) is a Russian politician, who was the first governor of Yaroslavl Oblast.

Anatoly Lisitsyn was born on 26 June 1947 in Bolshiye Smenki, Sonkovsky District of modern Tver Oblast. In 1963 he got a job in "Svoboda" furniture factory, Rybinsk. In 1965–66 he served in the Soviet Air Forces under the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany. He graduated from the Leningrad Forestry Academy in 1977, becoming director of "Svoboda" five years later.

In 1987 Lisitsyn was elected chairman of the executive committee of the Rybinsk's Central District. He became mayor in Rybinsk in 1990. Lisitsyn was nominated for the post of chairman of the Yaroslavl Oblast executive committee, but lost the vote in parliament to Vladimir Kovalyov.

He was appointed acting Head of Administration of Yaroslavl Oblast on 3 December 1991, officially taking office in September next year. During the 1993 Russian constitutional crisis his behavior was described as "careful". In December 1993 Lisitsyn was elected member of the first Federation Council with the support from Gaidar's Choice of Russia bloc. Since 1995, a member of "Our Home – Russia" party and of its council. In 1993, Lisitsyn signed an agreement on trade and economic cooperation with the unrecognized Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic. Since 1994 he was the President of the Association of Central Russian regions.

He was elected governor on December 17, 1995, with 51.5% of the vote, defeating Communist Vladimir Kornilov. From 1996 to 2001, Lisitsyn (as well as other Russian governors) was an ex officio member of the second Federation Council and was a member of its Committee on Foreign Affairs. On 1 October 1998 he left the "Our Home – Russia". A month later, Lisitsyn became a member of the preparational committee of Yury Luzhkov's Fatherland movement, and later of the political council of the Fatherland-All Russia bloc. Lisitsyn supported the idea of nominating prime minister Vladimir Putin as a single candidate for the presidency in 2000 from Fatherland – All Russia and Unity.

Anatoly Lisitsyn was re-elected on December 19, 1999, with 63.8% of the vote; and again on December 7, 2003, with 73.1% of the vote. He was a member of the State Council, and in 2001 was the inaugural recipient of the Russian National Olymp "Governor of the Year" award.

On 1 June 2004, at a meeting of the State Council, Lisitsyn expressed dissatisfaction with the fact that funds from the road tax began to be transferred to the federal budget, but not the regional one; Russian president Putin replied that the regions were provided with other means of income, but the Yaroslavl authorities "decided to spend this money not on roads, but on something else." This incident was followed by an audit performed by Accounts Chamber of Russia, which found that the budget lost 1.5 billion rubles as a result of the law "On stimulating the economic development", adopted by the local Duma in April 2001 and signed by governor Lisitsyn, which allowed local businesses to receive subsidies from the regional budget and tax exemption.

On 20 August 2004, the Prosecutor General's Office opened a criminal case under article 286, part 3 of the Criminal Code of Russia "abuse of office by a person holding the office of the head of a region with causing grave consequences." Lisitsyn was placed under recognizance not to leave. He denied guilt and described the June audits as an element of political persecution. In April 2005, the Prosecutor General's Office terminated the criminal prosecution of Lisitsyn due to the expiration of the statute of limitations for criminal prosecution. At the same time, it was found by the investigators that his policy caused damage to the regional budget in the amount of more than 1 billion rubles.