Anthony Charteau (born 4 June 1979 in Nantes) is a French former professional road bicycle racer, who competed as a professional between 2001 and 2013. His biggest career victory was winning the Mountains classification in the Tour de France in the 2010 edition, which was his major breakthrough. He also won the Tropicale Amissa Bongo stage race in Gabon for three years in a row from 2010 to 2012.

Charteau retired at the end of the 2013 season, after thirteen seasons as a professional.